Blood's composition

Question 1

what to do to a blood sample to visualise composition

Answer 1

centrifuge it

Question 2

3 parts of blood you can see after it has been centrifuged

Answer 2

plasma (55%)
Buffy coat (<1%)
erythrocytes (45%)

Question 3

what colour is plasma (least dense)

Answer 3

yellowy

Question 4

2 things found in Buffy coat

Answer 4

platelets

leukocytes

Question 5

what’s most dense blood component

Answer 5

erythrocytes

Question 6

do men or women have less erythrocytes

Answer 6

women

Question 7

3 e.gs of organic molecules found in plasma

Answer 7

proteins
glucose
lipids

Question 8

how do leukocytes leave capillaries

Answer 8

via diapedesis (move through tissue spaces by ameboid motions and positive chemotaxis)

Question 9

4 types of leukocytes (phagocytes)

Answer 9

phagocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
monocytes
basophil

Question 10

what do neutrophils kill

Answer 10

bacteria

Question 11

what are eosinophils related to

Answer 11

parasites

Question 12

what are basophils related to

Answer 12

allergies

Question 13

what do t helper cells release to regulate other immune cells

Answer 13

cytokines and growth factors

Question 14

2 cells that cause lysis of tumour cells and virally infected cells

Answer 14

cytotoxic t cells

natural killer cells

Question 15

what cells secrete antibodies e.g. to kill COVID19

Answer 15

B cells

Question 16

way of remembering leukocyte order in blood

Answer 16

N ever
L et
M onkeys
E at
B ananas

Question 17

what’s the most abundant cell in blood (4.5million in male)

Answer 17

erythrocytes

Question 18

if blood is sticky what can happen

Answer 18

stroke/ heart attack

Question 19

what’s RBC life span

Answer 19

120 days

Question 20

what’s RBC shape

why is this beneficial

Answer 20

biconcave disc

high SA:volume ratio - O2 and CO2 diffuse quickly

Question 21

which 3 cell component do RBCs not have

why

Answer 21

nucleus
mitochondria
ribosomes

so more space for gas transport

Question 22

how do rbc’s produce atp to maintain cell shape

Answer 22

anaerobically

Question 23

how do rbc’s go through single branching capillaries

Answer 23

squeeze through , changing shape

stretch, bend and fold - spring back to original shape in large vessels

Question 24

2 proteins in rbc membrane that make it biconcave

Answer 24

alpha and beta spectrin

actin

Question 25

what protein provides rbc’s with flexibility

Answer 25

spectrin

Question 26

what are erythrocytes (red cells) filled with for gas transport

Answer 26

haemoglobin