Blood Products and Transfusions Flashcards
Indications for Blood Products (5)
Anaemia
Coagulopathy
TCP- Thrombocytopaenia
Thrombopathia
Hypoproteinaemia
Possible issue with blood products (2)
Anaphalaxis or anaphalaxtoid
TRALI- Transfusion related Acute Lung Injury
humans and small animals
Indication for RBC transfusion
Anaemia
If rapidly progressive clinical signs evident at 20-25%; chronic anaemia may have limited clinical signs at 10%
Per acute blood loss will not be evident clinic-pathologically for several hours in small animals and upto a day in the horse
* Intercompartmental fluid shifts Will have clinical signs however
Signs relevant to decide on need for transfusion
HR, CRT
RR
BP
Blood lactate
Blood gas
(PvO2
Arterial
PaO2)
Minimum PCV before surgery
20%
Indications for Fresh Frozen Plasma (3)
- Coagulopathies
- SIRS and Sepsis
- Hypoproteinaemia
What oxyglobin
Artificial solution that carries oxygen
Not always available and expensive
What is an autotransfusion
Removing blood from cavity after bleeding and give it back to the animal
e.g. haemoabdomen
What does DEA stand for
Dog erythrocyte antigen
How many DEAs are there
12
What is the most significant canine blood type
DEA 1.1 - haemolysis with sensitisation
What blood type is universal donor in dogs
DEA 1.1 negative
How often should cats blood be typed
always
What are cat blood groups
A/B AB
A dominant over B
AB extremely rare
Important to remember for horse blood transfusions
Horses destroy other red cells very fast and make their own slowly
Usually destroy within 5 day- blood transfusions are quick fixes to give horse short period to learn to compensate
Horse blood groups
Theoretically AaQa-ve animals are ‘universal donors’
Usually get mild reactions
Cold-blooded horses most likely QaAa negative
TB’s and hotbloods most likely
Should you crossmatch for horses
Can usually avoid the need to crossmatch for the first 7 days
Should you cross match for cows, sheep and goats
Usually OK to receive blood transfusions if needed without crossmatch in the first 5-7 dd
CANNOT separate RBC and plasma –always use whole blood
Complex blood groups
What is a major crossmatch
Recipients plasma
donor cells
What is a minor crossmatch
Donors plasma
recipients cells
When do you see sensitisation in dogs
1-2 weeks
Volume of blood products to give to cats/sheep/goats
10ml/kg
PCV>30%
Volume of blood products to give to dogs/horses/cows
15-20ml/kg
PCV>40%
Temperature of blood products
Only cool once
Give cool unless give straight away
Exception is neonates and large volumes to trauma patients
How to give blood products
IV or IO not IP (intrapetioneal)
How to start giving blood products
1-3ml over 5-10min and observe reactions
Time for complete infusion of bag of blood products
bag over 4 hrs
