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Blood Products Flashcards

1
Q

What are allogenic blood donations?

A

Homologous donations collected within 15 min

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2
Q

What are autologous blood donations?

A

Blood collections intended to be self used

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3
Q

How frequent can someone donate for autologous blood donations?

A

4 in the span of 4 weeks, up to 3 days prior to surgery.

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4
Q

What are directed blood donations?

A

Blood donations intended for a child or sibling, from a close relative.

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5
Q

What is the risk associated to directed blood donations?

A

Graft versus host disease is at a greater risk

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6
Q

What are designated blood donations?

A

Antigen specific products

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7
Q

What are dedicated blood donations?

A

HLA matched products

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8
Q

How often can you donate PLT?

A

Every 2 weeks

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9
Q

How often can you donate plasma?

A

Every 7 days

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10
Q

What is the purpose of using anticoagulants and preservatives in blood products?

A
  • Prevent clotting
  • Maintaining cell viability
  • Maintain cellular function
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11
Q

What is the purpose of using citrate?

A

Prevent clotting by chelating calcium

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12
Q

What is the purpose of adenine and dextrose?

A

Support ATP generation

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13
Q

What is the purpose of sodium biphosphate?

A

Buffer agent, buffer change in pH due to increase in lactic acid from glycolysis.

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14
Q

What tests are done on donors?

A
  • ABO/ Rh
  • Antibody screening
  • Hep B/C
  • WNV
  • Syphilis
  • HTLV-I /HTLV- II
  • CMV
  • Bacterial culture of PLT only
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15
Q

What is NAT testing? and what can we use NAT testing for?

A

PCR, identification of HIV, HCV, and WNV

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16
Q

Who is most at risk for CMV?

A
  • Low birth weight neonate
  • Organ & Bone marrow transplant PT
  • Renal dialysis PT
  • Immunocompromised PT
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17
Q

What are methods to prevent bacterial contamination of blood products?

A
  • Take donor temperature prior to donation
  • Skin disinfection
  • Diversion pouch
  • BacT/Alert system for aphaeresis PLT
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18
Q

What is the purpose of leukoreducing RBC products?

A
  • Prevent non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions,
  • alloimmunization of HLA antigens
  • Decrease risk of leuko-borne viruses (CMV)
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19
Q

What are the 4 components in SAGM ?

A
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Adenine
  • Glucose
  • Mannitol
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20
Q

What are the two methods for filtering RBC?

A
  • Whole blood filtration
  • Buffy coat extraction
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20
Q

What is the difference between Whole blood filtration and Buffy coat extractions?

A

WB: leukoreduced by filtering prior to centrifugation
BC: whole blood cooled rapidly, centrifuged then filtered and separated.

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21
Q

When leukoreduction is done in either method what will the be the WBC count?

A

< 5 x 10^9/L per unit

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22
Q

What is the shelf life of red cell unit with SAGM?

A

42 days if stored at 1-6C

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23
Q

What is the shelf life of PLT units?

A

7 days from the date of collection

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24
What are the criteria for pooling PLT?
4 pools - Rh (-) - CMV (-) pH 6.2
25
What is the purpose of the constant agitation of PLT units?
Prevent pH drop
26
How much does the patient PLT count increase after each unit transfused?
15 x 10^9/L
27
At what temperature should PLT be stored at?
22-24 C
28
What should be done to paediatric units preserved with SAGM undergo prior to transfusing in emergency situations?
Washed to remove the SAGM and replaced with saline or 5% albumin or plasma.
29
How long are irradiated units good for?
28 days after irradiation or till the units expiry date which ever comes first.
30
What is the shelf life of frozen plasma?
1 year
31
How should units of frozen plasma be thawed?
in a water bath sealed in a plastic bag
32
What are some clinical uses for frozen plasma units?
- Urgent reversal of Warfarin - active bleeding - Mass transfusion to replace missing factors
33
What is the purpose of treating frozen plasma with detergent?
Remove cells, debris, and dilute/ neutralize allergens & antibodies - Reduces the risk of TRALI
34
Who might be in need of solvent detergent plasma?
- Pt receiving an increase plasma volume transfusion. - for patient with allergic reactions to FP and FFP
35
How long can frozen RBC units be stored for?
10 years at -80C
36
What is the purpose of adding glycerol in frozen RBC units?
- Prevents dehydration cells - Prevents crystal formation
37
What is the criteria for blood products “shelf life”?
75% of RBC in recipient circulation 24 hours post transfusion
38
When shipping blood products, how long does the shipmen have to reach it’s destination?
Received within 24 hours after being issued from the supplier.
39
When blood products are being shipped, if their temperatures go uncontrolled for an hour mins what must happen to the shipment?
Discarded, because blood products were outside of controlled temperatures for greater than 30 mins.
40
What criteria must storage equipment in the lab must have?
- recording temperatures at least every 4 hours - audible alarms - alarm checks - emergency power backup system - calibrated thermometers - procedures
41
What are 4 reasons that blood might need to be transported?
- Hospital inventory - Re-distribution of expiring units - Accompany PT transferring hospital - Lab to PT care area
42
When transfusing, what would happen if a nurse decided to hang ringer’s lactate with the blood product?
Ringer’s lactate promotes clotting by increasing Ca+ and counteracting citrate
43
When transfusing, what would happen if a nurse decided to hang glucose with the blood product?
- risk acute hemolytic reaction - decrease RBC survival
44
What four factors determine the RBC ability to deliver oxygen?
- blood pH - Hgb structure - 2-3-BPG level - ATP concentration
45
What role does 2-3-BPG play in the blood?
2-3-BPG is required to release oxygen from Hgb
46
Which way would the oxygen saturation curve shift if 2-3-BPG levels are low?
Left shift as Hgb affinity for oxygen increases.
47
Which way would the oxygen saturation curve shift if 2-3-BPG levels are high?
Right shift as Hgb affinity for oxygen decreases.
48
What factors are likely to change in a unit of blood during storage?
- Glucose metabolism - increase lactic acid - decrease pH - increased sodium in the cell, decreased in serum - Decreased potassium in the cell, increased in the serum
49
Who would be the most affected by blood products reaching the end of their shelf life?
Neonatals, which is why they receive units less than 7 days old.
50
What is the purpose of Albumin?
- volume expander - useful for hypotenstion and hypovolemic shock - fluid and protein replacement
51
What is the shelf life of albumin?
3 years at RT
52
What are alternative to albumin (colloid) therapy?
Crystalloids: - Ringer’s lactate - 0.9% NaCl Colloids: - Dextran - Pentastarch
53
What is the advantages and disadvantages of using a crystalloid?
ADV: -urine output DISADV: - edema - hyperchloremia - acidosis
54
What is the advantages of using a crystalloid?
increased ability of retaining water
55
What are the uses for pentastarch?
- plasma volume expander - Prime bypass pump
56
What are the uses for IVIG?
- substitution - prophylaxis - Treating TTP - Children with kawasaki disease - pediatric HIV infection
57
What is Immune serum globulin?
Intra muscular injection source of IgG, useful to boost immunocompromised patients
58
What are examples of hyperimmune globulins?
- Varicella zoster - Hep B immune globulin - CMV immune globulin - Anti-RSV immune globulin
59
What are 3 products that can be given to patients with Haemophilia A?
- Kogenate FS - Hemofil M - Desmopressin
60
What are products that can be given to a patient with Christmas disease?
- Immunine VH - Mononine - Benefix
61
What are products that can be given to a patient with von willebrand disease?
- desmopressin - frozen plasma - cryopercipitate - humate-P
62
What is fibrin glue?
Topical solution of thrombin and cryopercipitate

Transfusion Exam (5 decks)

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