Adverse Effects of Transfusion Flashcards
What is the transfusion departments role in transfusion reactions?
- Investigate
- Assess
- Report transfusion reaction to CBS or manufacturers
What are the symptoms related to transfusion reactions?
- Fever
- chills / rigors
- dyspnea
- hypotension
- pain
- jaundice
- nausea
- oliguria
What are the acute immune mediated transfusion reactions?
- hemolytic
- febrile
- allergic
- anaphylactic
- TRALI
What are the acute non-immune mediate transfusion reactions?
- Sepsis
- TACO
- Physical hemolysis
What are the delayed non-immune mediate transfusion reactions?
- hemosiderosis
- citrate toxicity
What are the delayed immune mediated transfusion reactions?
- hemolytic
- serologic: RBC
- HLA alloimmune
- TA-GvHD
- Post transfusion purpura
What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a D antigen?
85%
What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a K antigen?
10%
What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a E antigen?
7%
What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a c antigen?
3%
What information should you get from the nurse if a patient is experiencing a transfusion reaction?
- Time it happened
- Time the transfusion stopped
- patients BP
- Temp before and after
- Offending unit returned to the lab
When receiving a unit from the floor because the patient experienced a transfusion reaction what should the tech do?
-Check patient ID for all tests, units, ensuring everything matches.
-Re run tests on the blood sample collected prior to transfusion including a new blood sample.
- If no reaction is detected then the unit is compatible to the PT, otherwise discrepancy has been identified.
What are the cardinal signs of DIC?
- Consumption of clotting factors
- Consumption of PLT
- Diffused uncontrolled vascular bleeding.
Name common gram negative organisms which may contaminate blood products?
- E. coli
- S. marscens
- K. pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas. spp
- Y.enterocolitica
Name common gram positive organisms which may contaminate blood products?
- S.aureus
- S.epidermidis
- B. cereus
What are clinical signs that a patient undergoing transfusion may have been transfused contaminated blood products?
- Rigors
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Nausea
- Vomiting
What are methods by which contamination of blood products can be prevented?
- disinfect the skin
- diversion pouch
- PLT cultures
- Proper storage conditions
What is a common cause of anaphylaxis in response to a transfusion of blood products? and how can this be prevented?
Unti contains IgA but the patient is deficient, washed cells can be given to prevent.
What three organs compose the reticuloendothelial system?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Bone Marrow
What are the anaphylatoxins of the complement system?
- C3a
- C5a
What is bradykinin?
Vasodilator = hypotension
What are the dangers of hypotension especially during a TR.
Can cause renal failure due to thrombi formation.
What are the common antibodies implicated in extravascular hemolysis?
- JK a
- Fy a
- K
What are the common antibodies implicated in intravascular hemolysis?
- ABO (usually)
- IgM
- K
- Vel
- Le a
