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Transfusion Exam > Adverse Effects of Transfusion > Flashcards

Adverse Effects of Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the transfusion departments role in transfusion reactions?

A
  • Investigate
  • Assess
  • Report transfusion reaction to CBS or manufacturers
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2
Q

What are the symptoms related to transfusion reactions?

A
  • Fever
  • chills / rigors
  • dyspnea
  • hypotension
  • pain
  • jaundice
  • nausea
  • oliguria
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3
Q

What are the acute immune mediated transfusion reactions?

A
  • hemolytic
  • febrile
  • allergic
  • anaphylactic
  • TRALI
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4
Q

What are the acute non-immune mediate transfusion reactions?

A
  • Sepsis
  • TACO
  • Physical hemolysis
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5
Q

What are the delayed non-immune mediate transfusion reactions?

A
  • hemosiderosis
  • citrate toxicity
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6
Q

What are the delayed immune mediated transfusion reactions?

A
  • hemolytic
  • serologic: RBC
  • HLA alloimmune
  • TA-GvHD
  • Post transfusion purpura
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7
Q

What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a D antigen?

A

85%

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8
Q

What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a K antigen?

A

10%

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9
Q

What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a E antigen?

A

7%

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10
Q

What is the percentage at which donors can produce an alloimmunization to a c antigen?

A

3%

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11
Q

What information should you get from the nurse if a patient is experiencing a transfusion reaction?

A
  • Time it happened
  • Time the transfusion stopped
  • patients BP
  • Temp before and after
  • Offending unit returned to the lab
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12
Q

When receiving a unit from the floor because the patient experienced a transfusion reaction what should the tech do?

A

-Check patient ID for all tests, units, ensuring everything matches.
-Re run tests on the blood sample collected prior to transfusion including a new blood sample.
- If no reaction is detected then the unit is compatible to the PT, otherwise discrepancy has been identified.

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13
Q

What are the cardinal signs of DIC?

A
  • Consumption of clotting factors
  • Consumption of PLT
  • Diffused uncontrolled vascular bleeding.
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14
Q

Name common gram negative organisms which may contaminate blood products?

A
  • E. coli
  • S. marscens
  • K. pneumoniae
  • Pseudomonas. spp
  • Y.enterocolitica
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15
Q

Name common gram positive organisms which may contaminate blood products?

A
  • S.aureus
  • S.epidermidis
  • B. cereus
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16
Q

What are clinical signs that a patient undergoing transfusion may have been transfused contaminated blood products?

A
  • Rigors
  • Fever
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
17
Q

What are methods by which contamination of blood products can be prevented?

A
  • disinfect the skin
  • diversion pouch
  • PLT cultures
  • Proper storage conditions
18
Q

What is a common cause of anaphylaxis in response to a transfusion of blood products? and how can this be prevented?

A

Unti contains IgA but the patient is deficient, washed cells can be given to prevent.

19
Q

What three organs compose the reticuloendothelial system?

A
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Bone Marrow
20
Q

What are the anaphylatoxins of the complement system?

A
  • C3a
  • C5a
21
Q

What is bradykinin?

A

Vasodilator = hypotension

22
Q

What are the dangers of hypotension especially during a TR.

A

Can cause renal failure due to thrombi formation.

23
Q

What are the common antibodies implicated in extravascular hemolysis?

A
  • JK a
  • Fy a
  • K
24
Q

What are the common antibodies implicated in intravascular hemolysis?

A
  • ABO (usually)
  • IgM
  • K
  • Vel
  • Le a
25
Q

Define a transfusion reactions?

A

Any adverse reaction associated with infusion of blood or blood components

26
Q

Define intravascular hemolysis?

A

Destruction of transfused RBC from immune or non-immune causes.

27
Q

Define extravascular hemolysis?

A

Premature removal of transfused RBC from circulation by phagocytic cells or the RES

28
Q

Define anaphylatoxins?

A

Substance stimulated by the release of mediators (histamine) from mast cells and basophils resulting in symptoms or immediate sensitivity independent of IgE

29
Q

Define histamines?

A

Substance produce from AA histidine, cause increase in gastric secretions, dilation of capillaries, contraction of bronchial smooth muscle.

30
Q

Define Leukotrienes?

A

Series of compounds that regulate allergic reactions and inflammatory response

31
Q

Define serotonin?

A

Potent vasoconstrictor

32
Q

Define hemoglobinemia?

A

Presence of free HgB in plasma

33
Q

Define hemoglobinuria?

A

Presence of free HgB in urine

Transfusion Exam (5 decks)

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