Blood pressure regulation

Question 1

what does epinephrine/ norepinephrine do to peripheral resistance

Answer 1

increases resistance via alpha receptors

Question 2

3 means of short term BP control

Answer 2

NEURAL RESPONSES: exercise pressor reflex, arterial baroreceptor reflex, chemo reflex

Question 3

3 affectors of cardiac output

Answer 3

hyervolemia, stess, pheochromocytosis

Question 4

3 affectors of systemic vascular resistance (TPR)

Answer 4

stress, atherosclerosis, increase in angiotensin, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, ischemia, pheochromocytosis

Question 5

3 conditions monitored by chemoreceptors

Answer 5

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH

Question 6

arterial chemoreceptors

Answer 6

carotid and aortic bodies- sensing all three conditions

Question 7

central chemoreceptors

Answer 7

located in medulla- sensing hydrogen ions

Question 8

response to chemoreceptor reflex

Answer 8

increased TPR

Question 9

response to baroreceptor reflex

Answer 9

increased hr and TPR

Question 10

response to exercise pressor reflex

Answer 10

increased vasocontriction to any organ not participating in exercise

Question 11

What is the order of the RAA cascade

Answer 11

angiotensinogen (liver)-> renin-> angiotensin I-> ACE (pulmon and renal endothel)-> angiotensin II-> aldosterone (adrenal cortex)

Question 12

effects of Angiotensin II

Answer 12

increased sympathetic activity, NaCl and water reabsorbtion, potassium excretion

Question 13

what are the 3 atrial responses to the RAA cascade

Answer 13

stretch from venous return= 1)Atrial Natriuretic Factor (reduces renin and aldosterone production), 2)hypothalamic stimulation of adrenal medulla to make ADH, and 3)parasympathetic vasodilation

Question 14

which of the 3 short-term BP reflexes results from ischemia

Answer 14

exercise pressor reflex (imbalance of supply and demand- tested by occlusion)

Question 15

which two organs never experience vasoconstriction due to BP reflexes

Answer 15

brain, kidney

Question 16

what is the purpose of the atrial responses to RAA cascade

Answer 16

to decrease volume via increasing salt and water excretion

Question 17

how fast do neural BP responses occur

Answer 17

seconds

Question 18

which BP responses occur in minutes

Answer 18

ANF, renin, and angiotensin

Question 19

where is the diving reflex located

Answer 19

in the face (nasopharyngeal)

Question 20

What is the Bainbridge reflex in response to

Answer 20

volume increase

Question 21

What happens to hr during Bainbridge reflex

Answer 21

hr increases

Question 22

Why does the hr increase during Cushing reflex

Answer 22

because of ischemia in the medullary cardiovascular centers of the brain

Question 23

RAA response is due to

Answer 23

Low serum sodium or low blood pressure (RBP)