Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARM EX2 > BLOOD PRESSURE MEDICATION > Flashcards

BLOOD PRESSURE MEDICATION Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 conditions that can cause HTN?

A
  1. OSA
  2. Kidney Dx
  3. HYPERthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are some patients reluctant to take hypertensive medications?

A

Because it has no Sign and Symptons ‘SILENT KILLER” and they feel “okay”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the use of Diuretics?

A

Decrease the amount of fluid in the bloodstream —–> decrease in BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This type of diuretics is the “FIRST LINE” therapy for HTN

A

THIAZIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 Classes of Diuretics?

A
  1. CHLORTHAlidone
  2. Furosemide
  3. Hydrochlorothiazide
  4. Mannitol
  5. Spironolatone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aside from HTN, what are the other uses of Diuretics?

A
  1. Peripheral Edema
  2. Pulmonary Edema
  3. Heart Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This type of diuretics is mainly use for cerebral edema

A

MANNITOL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which part of nephron does Furosemide work on?

A

ASCENDING loop of HENLE

—> that is why it is referred to as “LOOP DIURETICS”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diuretics?

A

-Dehydration
-Hypotension
-Electrolyte Imbalance (HYPOKALEMIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you prevent “Nocturia” when taking diuretics?

A

Take the medication before 2 pm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 things that you should know about Furosemide?

A
  1. Powerful
  2. Produce Rapid Result
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the CM of Hypokalemia?

A

FATIGUE
Weakness
Muscle Cramps
N/V
Dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you counteract Hypokalemia when taking Furosemide?

A

Eat Potassium Rich Foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of Potassium rich foods? (remember yellow and orange)

A

-Winter squash
-Sweet potatoes
-Baked Potatoes
-White Beans
-Yogurt
-Orange Juice
-Broccoli
-Cantaloupe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 rare adverse effects of FUROSEMIDE?

A
  1. Ototoxicity
  2. Tinnitus

—-> this is reversible once the medication is stop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of diuretics is HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE and CHLORTHALIDONE?

A

Thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of furosemide are the first line treatment fro HTN?

A

Thiazide

-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Chlorthalidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is thiazide diuretics considered as the first line treatment for HTN?

A
  1. Safe
  2. Effective
  3. Inexpensive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the key issues for Thiazide that can also be seen with Loop diuretics?

A

They both cause Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What should a nurse do if a patient is taking loop diuretics and thiazide?

A
  1. Monitor for S&S of Hypokalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of diuretics is Spinorolactone?

A

POTASSIUM SPARRING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Potassium Sparring means?

A

It causes nephrons to hold on to potassium rather than excreting it

—> may lead to HYPERKALEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If Spinorolactone is considered as “WEAK” diuretics, why is it still prescribed?

A

To counteract the potassium loss by diuretics like furosemide and HCTZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kind of food should a patient taking Potassium Sparring diuretics should avoid?

A
  1. Potassium rich foods
  2. Salt substitute (they are high in K+)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Muscle cramps is associated with?
HYPOKALEMIA
26
Muscle Weakness is associated with?
HYPERKALEMIA
27
Mannitol can only be administered _______
IV
28
What does mannitol do to the blood?
HYPERTONIC
29
Describe the mechanism of Mannitol
Once it reaches the Kidney, it is filtered by glomerulus which pulls water out into the urine (makes you pee)
30
How can a mannitol treat CEREBRAL EDEMA?
Mannitol cannot cross BBB so it creates an OSMOTIC FORCE that pulls extra fluid out of the brain
31
this type of diuretics is important in treating Head Trauma?
Mannitol
32
What are the 2 key issues with Mannitol
1. It leaks out of regular capillaries = EDEMA / [worsens HF and P.Edema] 2. It crystallizes at room temperature
33
How do you avoid the crystallization of Mannitol?
Store it in room warmer temperature Use IV FILTER when administering it
34
What medical device should you put to monitor U/O for patient taking Mannitol?
Urinary Catheter
35
What are the 2 other names of Beta Blockers?
-Sympatholytics -beta adrenergic antagonist
36
Beta blockers are commonly prescribe for?
-HTN -Angina Pectoris -Atrial Fibrillation -Cardioprotection [following a heart attack]
37
What are the 2 types of Beta Blocker?
1. Cardioselective agents 2. Non selective agents
38
What are the 2 cardioselective agents? (BETA BLOCKER)
1. ATENOlol 2. METOPROlol
39
What are the 3 Nonselective Agents? (BETA BLOCKERS)
1. CARVEDIlol 2. LABELAtol 3. PROPANOlol
40
which beta blockers are alpha1, beta1, and beta2 receptors?
Carvedilol and Labelatol
41
Which receptors does Propanolol blocks?
beta1 and beta2
42
Which hormone is beta blocker related to?
Adrenaline
43
What happens when adrenaline is activated?
Increase BP, HR, and expanded AIRWAYS [lungs]
44
How does beta blockers work?
It stops the adrenaline system by blocking receptors
45
This receptor is located in the ARTERIES and VEINS
Alpha1
46
What happens when ALPHA1 is: ACTIVATED vs BLOCKED
Activated = VASOCONSTRICTION (increase BP) Blocked = VASODILATION (decrease BP + decrease the workload of heart)
47
What happens when Beta1 is: ACTIVATED vs BLOCKED
Activated = cause heart to beat FASTER and STRONGER (increase BP) Blocked = decreases HR and stregth of contraction (decrease BP) + improves heart rhythm problems
48
This receptor is located in the heart
Beta1
49
This receptor is located in the lungs
Beta2
50
What happens when Beta2 is: ACTIVATED vs BLOCKED
Activated = Bronchodilation Blocked = Bronchoconstriction [not good]
51
What happens when beta blockers work too well?
BRADYCARDIA + HYPOTENSION ---> beta blockers lower HR and BP, so if they work too well, they will cause Bradycardia and Hypotension
52
TRUE OR FALSE: ALPHA1 Receptors DOES NOT change the HR?
TRUE
53
A patient taking beta blocker should ___________ and ______________ before starting strenuous activity
1. stand up SLOWLY 2. Check how body is reacting to beta blockers
54
When should you HOLD the beta blocker?
HR is <50 SBP is <100
55
Before administering beta blockers, what should the nurse ALWAYS DO/check?
Check Hr and BP
56
What are the issues of Beta Blockers for patient with DIABETES?
HYPOGLYCEMIA 1. when beta 2 is blocked [receptor responsible in triggering muscles and live to release stored glucose when patient has low BS], stored glucose will no be produced 2. When HR is increased, you may feel SHAKY and SWEATY, which is a signal for pt with diabetes to check and blood sugar and correct it --->Beta blockers mask this symptom making it harder for them to recognize if they are being HYPOGLYCEMIC
57
What is a good education for a patient with diabetes taking beta blockers?
ALWAYS CHECK BS
58
Why should patient with ASTHMA or COPD avoid taking nonselective beta blockers?
patient with asthma or COPD uses albuterol [beta2 antagonist], which means it activates the beta2 receptor. On the other hand, non selective betablockers BLOCKS the beta2 receptors
59
Why do beta blockers cause Depression?
because they cross BBB
60
What should a client considered when giving beta blockers for patient with history of depression?
Beta blockers can cause depression because they cross BBB
61
what is an example of beta blocker that crosses BBB and cause depression?
Pronapolol
62
What is the disadvantage of beta blockers for patients that are men?
It may cause erectile dysfunction ---> hypertension may also cause E.D
63
What are the 3 ACE inhibitors?
1. Benazepril 2. Lisonopril 3. Ramipiril
64
Ace inhibitors are prescribed for?
-HTN -Heart Failure -cardioprotection
65
Angiotensin II is responsible for ______ and ________
1. Vasoconstriction (increase bp) 2. Aldosterone Secretion (increase blood volume = increase bp)
66
What are the 3 Major effects of Angiotensin II?
1. Vascular Smooth Muscle contraction (increase bp) 2. triggers receptors in the adrenal gland causing released of ALDOSTERONE (water retention = increase blood volume = increase bp) 3. High levels of aldosterone = harmful changes in heart muscle
67
How does Ace inhibitor works?
It blocks the enzyme "ACE" that converts angiotensin I into its active form [angiotensin II] -----> This causes VASODILATION and PREVENTS release of aldosterone ---------------> clients will urinate more and will have a lower bp + heart is protected against pathological changes that occur after MI
68
What are the side effects of Ace INHIBITORS?
1. HYPOTENSION 2. HYPERKALEMIA 3. PERSISTENT DRY COUGH 4. ANGIODEMA
69
What is the meaning of ARBS?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
70
What are the 3 ARBS?
1. Losartan 2. Olmesartan 3. Valsartan
71
Aside from treating HTN, HF, and cardioprotection, what other treatments are ARBS used for?
slows the progression of CKD by reducing the pressure inside the kidney
72
What is the mechanism of action of ARBS?
it blocks angiotensin II receptor in blood vessels (VASODILATION) and adrenal glands (SECRETION OF SODIUM AND WATER)
73
What are the side effects of ARBS?
HYPOTENSION ANGIODEMA
74
What are the side effects of ACE INHIBITOR that ARBS does not have?
Hyperkalemia and Cough
75
If ARBS only has 2 less side effects compared to Ace inhibitor, why is it not prescribed more?
the evidence for CARDIOPROTECTION is much stronger for ACE INHIBITOR
76
What are the 2 types of Calcium Channel Blocker?
1. Dihydropyridines 2. NonDihydropyridines
77
What are the 2 Dihydropyridines?
1. Amlopidine 2. Nifedipine
78
What are the 2 NonDihydropyridines?
1. Diltiazem 2. Verapamil
79
What should the client avoid when taking NonDihydropyridines?
Grapefruit Juice
80
How are Calcium channel blockers prescribed?
-HTN -Chest Pain -Atrial Fibrillation
81
What kind of Calcium Channel Blockers are prescribed for atrial fibrillation?
NonDihydropyridines
82
How does CCBs works?
CCBs block calcium channels in arteries = VASODILATION and Decereased BP
83
What are the second effect of NonDihydropyridines aside from blocking calcium channel in arteries?
they block calcium channels in SA and AV nodes causing decrease in HR
84
What are the adverse Effect of CCBs?
VASODILATION -HYPOTENSION -O.H -Edema on ankles and feet -Facial Flushing -H.A
85
When client experiences Edema on ankles and feet, what does the prescriber do to avoid this?
-Decrease the dose of CCBs -Add Ace Inhibitor -Compression Stockings
86
What are the side effects of NonDihydropyridines?
BRADYCARDIA ---> this will be worse if patient is also taking a beta blocker
87
What is the other side effects of Verapamil?
CONSTIPATION
88
Why does Verapamil cause constipation?
Verapamil blocks the calcium channel blocker in smooth muscle of intestines
89
This medication is prescribed for HTN and combined with other antihypertensive medication?`
Hydralazine
90
How does hydralazine works?
causes arterioles to dilate It has short life and requires frequent dosing
91
What are the side effects of hydralizine?
Hypoytension HA -->watch out for diziness and lightheadedness

PHARM EX2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions