Blood Pressure Control

Question 1

What dictates blood flow?

Answer 1

systolic/diastolic pressures

Question 2

What is cardiac output determined by?

Answer 2

multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate

Question 3

Baroreceptors

Answer 3

sensors that monitor and control blood pressure

Question 4

What is activated by the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

emotions and genetic factors

Question 5

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate

Answer 5

blood pressure

Question 6

What happens if blood pressure is too high for a period of time

Answer 6

it will cause structural damage and weakness to the vascular leading to hemorrhage and death

Question 7

Hypotension

Answer 7

decrease in blood pressure resulting in a decrease in blood flow that may lead to cell death

Question 8

What happens before the left ventricle ejects blood into the coronary arteries and the aorta

Answer 8

pressure must rise to propel the blood throughout the body

Question 9

systolic pressure

Answer 9

pressure generated before the expulsion

Question 10

diastolic pressure

Answer 10

the lower pressure in the left ventricle before the ventricle begins to contract

Question 11

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?

Answer 11

pulse pressure

Question 12

pulse pressure

Answer 12

referred to the net pressure generated by each heartbeat or cardiac contraction pumps blood to the body

Question 13

Stroke volume

Answer 13

pulse pressure is directly related to the amount of blood pumped by each contraction of the heart

Question 14

Stroke volume is determined by what 3 factors

Answer 14

preload, afterload and pressure control

Question 15

What does preload refer to

Answer 15

the more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the more powerful the contraction

Question 16

What happens when we exercise

Answer 16

there is an increased venous blood returning to the heart

Question 17

What happens when there is an increased venous blood returning to the heart?

Answer 17

the force of contraction is increased

Question 18

What is preload determined by?

Answer 18

the amount of blood entering the right ventricle

Question 19

Afterload

Answer 19

pressure is related pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject the blood

Question 20

The first place afterload occurs

Answer 20

where the right ventricle has to produce enough pressure to overcome the pressure of the pulmonary circulation

Question 21

The second place after load occurs

Answer 21

where the left ventricle has to overcome the aortic pressure

Question 22

Contractility

Answer 22

force that muscles generate

Question 23

Pressure control

Answer 23

regulated by feedback loops controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Question 24

First cause of death by hypertension

Answer 24

if there is no significant difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, there will be decrease flow

Question 25

Second cause of death by hypertension

Answer 25

high blood pressure can cause damage and weakening of the blood vessels resulting in strokes or damage to capillary beds

Question 26

Hypotension

Answer 26

systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 90mm Hg/ 60mm H

Question 27

Causes of Hypotension

Answer 27

dehydration, blood loss, and inability of the heart muscles to generate enough pressure

Question 28

When there is not enough difference between systolic and diastolic pressure with hypotension, it leads to

Answer 28

• low blood flow
• decrease in oxygen delivery to the mitochondria
• decrease in ATP
• subsequent cessation of chemical activity in the cells, tissues and organs