Blood Physiology Flashcards
The heart pumps blood throughout the body in
network of blood vessels.
What are the functions of
the blood?
Transportation
2. Protection
3. Maintenance of Homeostasis
Nutrients from the foods you eat are absorbed in the ?
Digestive tract
Most of these travel in the bloodstream directly to the liver, where they are processed and released back into the bloodstream for delivery to
body cells. •
How is oxygen transported?
• Oxygen from the air you breathe diffuses into the blood, which moves from the lungs to the heart, which then pumps it out to the rest of the body
How are hormones transported?
Endocrine glands scattered throughout the body release their products, called hormones, into the bloodstream, which carries them to distant target cells.
How are waste products transported for removal?
blood moves carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation from the body, and various waste products are transported to the kidneys and liver for excretion from the
body in the form of urine or bile.
How are waste products transported for removal?
blood moves carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation from the body, and various waste products are transported to the kidneys and liver for excretion from the
body in the form of urine or bile.
What do WBC’s do?
WBCs protect the body from external threats, such as disease-causing bacteria that have entered the bloodstream in a wound. Other WBCs seek out and destroy internal threats, such as cells with mutated DNA that could multiply to become cancerous,
or body cells infected with viruses.
What happens when damage to the vessels results in bleeding?
blood platelets and certain proteins dissolved in the plasma, interact to block the ruptured areas of the blood vessels involved. This protects the body from further blood loss
How does blood maintain normal pH
Many blood proteins and other bloodborne solutes act as
buffers to prevent excessive or abrupt changes in blood pH.
How does blood maintain appropriate body temperature?
by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body and to the skin surface
to encourage heat loss.
How does blood Maintain adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system?
Blood proteins prevent excessive fluid loss from the
bloodstream into the tissue spaces.
What are the Components of blood?
Liquid components: Plasma
• cellular components: RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
After centrifuging a blood sample, what are the three distinct layers that form, from top to bottom?
Plasma ,Buffy coat and Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
What percentage of whole blood does plasma typically make up?
55%
What does the buffy coat primarily consist of, and what percentage of whole blood does it make up?
Leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets;
less than 1% of whole blood.
What is hematocrit?
The percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume.
What are erythrocytes, and what percentage of whole blood do they typically make up?
Red blood cells; about 45% of whole blood.
What is the typical hematocrit range for males (M♂)?
42-52%
What is the typical hematocrit range for females (F♀)?
37-47%
What might a blood sample with an elevated (higher than normal) hematocrit indicate?
Polycythemia
What might a blood sample with a depressed (lower than normal) hematocrit indicate?
Anemia
What is plasma mostly composed of ?
Plasma consists of a large number of organic and inorganic substances dissolved in water.
What are the main electrolytes in plasma?
Cations: Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
• Anions: Chloride, phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate
They help maintain plasma osmotic pressure and normal blood pH.
