Blood Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Hematology

A

The branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood. Physician is a ‘hematologist.’

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2
Q

Blood Clot

A

The hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process

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3
Q

Coagulate

A

To convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation

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4
Q

Dyscrasia

A

A general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood

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5
Q

Hematoma

A

The collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a ‘bruise.’

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6
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Rapid flow of blood

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7
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged due to a lack of one vital clotting factor. It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males

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8
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

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9
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Having too few of all cells

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10
Q

Septicemia

A

Having bacteria or their toxins in the blood-stream. Sepsis is a term that means putrefaction or infection. Commonly referred to as ‘blood poisoning.’

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11
Q

Anemia

A

A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues

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12
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant

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13
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

The condition of having too many red blood cells

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14
Q

Erythropenia

A

The condition of having too few red blood cells

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15
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

An anemia that develops as the result of the destruction of erythrocytes

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16
Q

Hemolytic Reaction

A

The destruction of a patient’s erythrocytes that occurs when receiving a transfusion of an incompatible blood type. Also called a ‘transfusion reaction.’

17
Q

Hypochromic Anemia

A

Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes

18
Q

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A

Anemia resulting from not having sufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin

19
Q

Pernicious Anemia (PA)

A

Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B-12 by the digestive system. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for erythrocyte production

20
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Production of too many red blood cells by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels

21
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or “sickle” shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to a hemolytic anemia

22
Q

Thalassemia

A

A genetic disorder in which the body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia

23
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of the white blood cell-forming red bone marrow resulting in a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in the blood

24
Q

Leukocytosis

A

The condition of having too many white blood cells

25
Q

Leukopenia

A

The condition of having too few white blood cells

26
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

The condition of having too many platelets

27
Q

Thrombopenia

A

The condition of having too few platelets