Blood/micropipetting & Hemocytometer Flashcards
What is the composition of blood?
1) 55% plasma (91.5% water, 7% protein (albumin54%, globulins, fibrinogen, etc), 1.5% others (electrolytes, gases, hormones, waste))
2) 1% WBC (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)
3) 44% RBC
Blood is under which group of tissues?
Blood is a connective tissue in which living blood cells, the formed elements, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called plasma. The collagen and elastin fibers are absent from blood, but dissolved proteins become visible as fibrin strands during blood clotting
What are the characteristics of blood?
1) bright scarlet to dull brick (depending on oxygen)
2) metallic taste
3) 4-6L (depending on sex mainly)
What are the blood formed elements?
1) erythrocytes/red blood cells (RBCs), which are sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood (small percentage of the carbon dioxide)
2) Leukocytes/white blood cells (WBCs), are part of the body’s nonspecific defenses and the immune system
3) Platelets function in hemostasis (blood clot formation)
What are the characteristics of RED BLOOD CELL (RBC)?
1) Most numerous blood cells in the body (4 to 6 million cells per cubic millimeter of blood)
2) average 7.5um in diameter vary in color from a salmon red color to pale pink
3) Distinctive biconcave disc shape and appear pale in the center than at the edge
4) Anucleated when mature and circulating in the blood
5) life span of 100 to120 days
What are the characteristics of WBC?
1) nucleated cells that are formed in the bone marrow from the same stem cells (hemocytoblast) as RBCs
2) averages from 4,000 to 11,000 cells per cubic millimeter
3) protective, pathogen-destroying cells that are transported to all parts of the body in the blood or lymph.
4) move in and out of blood vessels, in a process called diapedisis, and wander through body tissues by amoeboid motion
5) classified into two major groups, depending whether or not they contain granules in their cytoplasm.
The first group, agranulocytes, contains no visible cytoplasmic granules. abundant in lymphoid tissues. Their nuclei tend to be closer to the norm, that is, spherical, oval, or kidney shaped, lymphocyte and monocytes. Granulocytes make up the second group, neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil
What are the characteristics of lymphocytes?
1) smallest leukocytes
2) Represent about 20 to 45% of the WBC population
3) The nucleus is generally spherical or slightly indented, stained dark blue to purple with Wright’s stain and accounts for most of the cell mass
4) Sparse cytoplasm appears as a thin pale blue rim around the nucleus
5) immunologic responses in the body, the B lymphocytes, oversees the production of antibodies that are released to blood. While, T lymphocytes, plays a regulatory role and destroys grafts, tumor, and virusinfected cells
What are the characteristics of monocytes?
1) largest leukocyte
2) 4-8% leukocyte population
3) kidney-shaped dark blue nucleus
4) converted to macrophages in the tissue
5) increases during chronic infections
What are the characteristics of neutrophils?
1) most abundant WBC
2) 3-7 lobes stains pale pink
3) active phagocyte
4) increases during acute infections
What are the characteristics of eosinophils?
1) 1-4% of leukocytes
2) bilobed nucleus
3) stains red
4) counterattacks parasitic worms, lessen allergy attacks by phagocytizing antigen-antibody complexes and inactivating some inflammatory chemicals
What are the characteristic of basophils?
1) less than 1% of leukocytes
2) U or S shaped nucleus
3) stains deep-purple/dark blue
4) releases histamine, & vasodilators
What are the characteristics of the platelets?
1) cell fragments of large multinucleated cells (megakaryocytes) formed in the bone marrow
2) darkly staining, irregularly shaped bodies interspersed among the blood cells.
3) platelet count in blood ranges from 250,000 to 500,000 cells per cubic millimeter
4) clotting process that occurs in plasma when blood vessels are rupture
What are the parts of a micropipette?
Micropipettes work on air displacement principle, and are generally used for smaller volumes of liquid, from 1 ml to as little as 0.1 μl (0.0001 ml)
1) Plunger button (adjustment knob)
2) Tip ejector
3) Thumb wheel
4) Volumeter display
5) tip ejector
6) Shaft/Tip holder
What are the different micropipettes used?
Based on the required volume:
1) P2 (0.1-2 micro liter)
2) P10 (0.5-10 micro liter)
3) P20 (2-20 micro liter)
4) P200 (20-200 micro liter)
5) P1000 (200-1000 micro liter)
What is a hemocytometer?
specialized slide which is used for counting cells, divided into 9 major squares of 1mm x 1mm size
