Blood, Heart and Circulation Flashcards
what is the structure of the blood
Red blood cells - To carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the rest of the body
White blood cells - To fight infection by pathogens and stop disease
Platelets - allows clottgin and scabs to form
Plasma - Carries the blood cells and platelets around the body
What do Arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery)
What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heart (usually deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary vein) Valves have veins.
What do capillaries?
Allows diffusion of gases and nutrients from blood into the body cells
allow substances to exchange at body cells e.g food and oxygen
Why is the muscle in the left side of the heart thicker than the right.
It is thicker to the left as it transports blood to the whole body while the right only transports blood to the lungs.
What happens when cholesterol causes a blockage in a heart attach
Cholesterol builds up in the walls of the arteries forming plaques. This leads to narrowing to the arteries making it difficult for blood to flow . /this happens in the coronary artery that supply the heart muscle.
What is a stroke?
It is a blockage in an artery in the brain. Cells will be starved of oxygen and glucose and will die. It results in paraysis of parts of the body.
What are the positive effects of regular exercise?
Relieves stress, increased sense of wellbeing.
have a higher heart rate.
prevents high blood pressure
prevents overweight the body uses more food when exercising
Coronary arteries become wider.
What factors decrease the risk of heart attacks
diet low in salt,
don’t smoke
Don’t drink too much, (High alcohol consumption can also damage the heart by increasing blood pressure)
Eat 5 a day - lots of fruit and vegetables
Reduce saturated fats, increase unsaturated fats such as oily fish.
Increase physical activity
eat more fibre rich foods to reduce cholesterol
What increases heart attacks
Hereditary
smoking
drinking
being overweight
no exercise
poor diet
What has in an animal cell
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
mitochondria
What has a plant cell
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
large vacuole
chloroplasts
What is the function of the nucleus
Controls the cell contains chromosomes which carry genes
What happens in the cytoplasm
this is where the reactions happen, it is a jelly like substance mainly water and dissolved substances
What is the function of cell membrane
Controls which substances are permitted in and out.
