Blood groups & Transfusions

Question 1

What are blood types due to?

Answer 1

Antigens on RBC surface

Question 2

What are the 2 types of classification?

Answer 2

ABO

Rhesus

Question 3

ABO
What type of antigen?
Where is it produced?
Extra?

Answer 3

Carbohydrate antigens
Can’t cross placenta
Produced at spleen

Question 4

Type A
Types? What do they accept?
Dominance?
Anti antibodies produced?

Answer 4

More common than B
Can be A+ (only accepts A+/- & O+/-) or A- (accept A- or O-)
A antigen is codominant
Always have anti B antibodies in plasma

Question 5

Type B
Types? What do they accept?
Dominance?
Anti antibodies produced?

Answer 5

Can be B+ (accepts B+/- & O+/-)) or B- (accept B- & O-)
B antigen is codominant
Always have anti A antibodies in plasma

Question 6

Type AB
Anti antibody?
Antigens?

Answer 6

Have neither anti A or B antibodies in plasma
Have A and B antigens on RBC
Universal acceptor/recipient

Question 7

Type O
Anti antibody?
Antigens?
Dominant?

Answer 7

Have anti A & B antibodies
No A or B antigens
Universal donor
O antigen is Recessive

Question 8

___ Can’t donate to ___

___ Can donate to ___

Answer 8

+ Can’t donate to -

• Can donate to+

Question 9

Universal acceptor

Answer 9

AB+

Question 10

Universal donor

Answer 10

O-

Question 11

What are the rhesus antigens?

Answer 11

C,D,E antigens

Question 12

Rhesus
What type of antigens?
Extra?

Answer 12

Peptide antigen

Can cross placenta

Question 13

Which is the most immunogenic antigen?

Answer 13

D

Question 14

Which is the most common and rarest blood types?

Answer 14

O - most common

AB- rarest

Question 15

What are anti erythrocyte antibodies known as?

Answer 15

Natural antibodies

Question 16

What does Rhesus Positive mean?

Answer 16

D antigen is present

No anti D antibodies

Question 17

What does Rhesus negative mean?

Answer 17

D antigen not present

Anti D antibodies present

Question 18

What is Rhesus disease also known as?

Answer 18

Haemolytic disease of fetus & newborn (HDFN)

Question 19

What must the mother and fetus be?

Answer 19

Mother - Rhesus negative (anti D antibodies)

Fetus- Rhesus positive (D antigen)

Question 20

What happens in the disease with the mothers first and second child?

Answer 20

First child - no immune response, unaffected as it takes time to produce antibodies, primary response (slower)
Mother is SENSITISED to Rhesus + blood

Second child - rapid immune response, anti D antibodies attack from birth, attack babies RBCs, secondary response
Causes anaemia/ newborn jaundice/ death