Blood Groups Flashcards
How many human blood groups are there?
30
What is on the surface of RBC?
Antigens, which include proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.
What is an antigen?
is any substance to which the immune system can respond.
What is a self-antigen?
antigens that are found on the body’s own cells, and the immune system does not normally attack these.
What is an Antibody and who makes them?
- White blood cells make them
- And it is a protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.
What is the H antigen?
- The H antigen is an essential precursor to the ABO blood group antigens.
- H antigen is a carbohydrate sequence with carbohydrates linked mainly to protein The H locus is located on chromosome 19
What is the ABO locus and where is it located?
The ABO locus is located on chromosome 9 – and produces enzymes which transform H antigen
Blood Type can recieve from:
- A
- B
- AB
- O
- A or O
- B or O
- A, B, AB and O
- O
What are the inheritance patterns of blood type
- A, and B
- O
- A and B are co-dominant
- Recessive
Frequency of Blood types A, B and O
- A high freq in Europe, Australia, and areas of North America
- B high in Asia
- O high in the Americas, low in Asia
How and when are IgM antibodies produced?
ABO IgM antibodies are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria, and viruses.
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
- When the mother is the opposite Rh blood group than her baby. So she is Rh+ and the kid is Rh-.
- Rh– moms with Rh+ fetus = problems
- It is a hemolytic disease(relating to or involving the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.).
What is RhoGam?
- It is the medication used to treat Rhesus factor.
- RhoGAM – given at 22 weeks and then again after delivery (within 48 hours) if infant is Rh+.
- If infant is Rh-, no treatment
The Kell Blood group system
The Kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the ABO and Rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction.
Kidd blood group?
The Kidd (JK) glycoprotein is the red blood cell (RBC) urea transporter. Situated in the membrane it rapidly transports urea into and out of RBCs, maintaining the osmotic stability and shape of the RBC in the process.
Diego Blood group
This protein is a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger involved in carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs. It also is found in the kidney, where it is involved in acid secretion.
Duffy blood group
The Duffy glycoprotein is a receptor for chemicals that are secreted by blood cells during inflammation. It also happens to be a receptor for Plasmodium vivax, a parasite that invades red blood cells (RBCs) and causes malaria.
What is Malaria?
- It is caused by the parasite, Plasmodium, which multiplies inside the human body and infects red blood cells. Without treatment, malaria can disrupt blood supply to vital organs and become fatal
- Malaria - disease that involves high fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, and anemia
What is Quinine?
- It is a compund found in bark that is known to prevent malaria.
- The british put gin in it and G and Ts were made!
Thalassemias
Reduced/no synthesis of one of the globin chains causing abnormal formation of hemoglobin molecules. Thus causing anemia.
