Blood group inheritance and transfusion immunology - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

blood type is based on presence of…

A

certain antigens on membranes of RBCs

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2
Q

how many antigens identified?

A

30

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3
Q

ABO blood grouping system

A
  • based on presence of A and/or B antigens
  • forms basis of 4 blood types : A,B, O, AB
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4
Q

ABO blood groups - which of these have what antigens and antibodies?

A
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5
Q

Rh factor system

A
  • there are 6 Rh antigens
  • if you have this you are either Rh+ or Rh-
  • Rh- person develops anti-D Ab if injected with Rh+ blood
  • 4 main blood types either be Rh+ or Rh-
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6
Q

ABO inheritance

A
  • ABO genes - 1 from each parent
  • autosomal
  • A and B genes are dominant, O is recessive
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7
Q

genotype possibilities

A
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8
Q

Rh-D factor inheritance

A
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9
Q

haemolytic disease of the newborn (HBN )

A
  • haemolytic condition in foetus that persists after delivery
  • develops when IgG Abs from mother pass through placent and attack RBCs in foetal circulation
  • RBCs broken down leading to anaemia
  • anaemia stimulates BM to produce lots of erythroblasts
  • disease can range from mild-severe; may cause death
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10
Q

HDN - what causes it?

A
  • due to Rh-D incompatability
  • happens when Rh- woman gets pregnant with Rh+ foetus
  • mother makes Abs against Rh-D antigen of foetus when blood mixes
  • next pregnancy with Rh+ baby - mother’s anti-Rh-D Abs cross placenta and lyse baby’s RBCs
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