Blood group inheritance and transfusion immunology - 1 Flashcards
1
Q
blood type is based on presence of…
A
certain antigens on membranes of RBCs
2
Q
how many antigens identified?
A
30
3
Q
ABO blood grouping system
A
- based on presence of A and/or B antigens
- forms basis of 4 blood types : A,B, O, AB
4
Q
ABO blood groups - which of these have what antigens and antibodies?
A
5
Q
Rh factor system
A
- there are 6 Rh antigens
- if you have this you are either Rh+ or Rh-
- Rh- person develops anti-D Ab if injected with Rh+ blood
- 4 main blood types either be Rh+ or Rh-
6
Q
ABO inheritance
A
- ABO genes - 1 from each parent
- autosomal
- A and B genes are dominant, O is recessive
7
Q
genotype possibilities
A
8
Q
Rh-D factor inheritance
A
9
Q
haemolytic disease of the newborn (HBN )
A
- haemolytic condition in foetus that persists after delivery
- develops when IgG Abs from mother pass through placent and attack RBCs in foetal circulation
- RBCs broken down leading to anaemia
- anaemia stimulates BM to produce lots of erythroblasts
- disease can range from mild-severe; may cause death
10
Q
HDN - what causes it?
A
- due to Rh-D incompatability
- happens when Rh- woman gets pregnant with Rh+ foetus
- mother makes Abs against Rh-D antigen of foetus when blood mixes
- next pregnancy with Rh+ baby - mother’s anti-Rh-D Abs cross placenta and lyse baby’s RBCs