Blood gas

Question 1

What is the normal parameters for PaCO2

Answer 1

35-45mmHg

Question 2

What are the normal parameters for pH?

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

What are the normal parameters HCO3- (bicarbonate)?

Answer 3

21-27

Question 4

What is a normal base excess?

Answer 4

BE up to - 5 in dogs

Question 5

What is the important equation to remember when analysing blood gas?

Answer 5

H2O + CO2 gives H2CO3
H2CO3 can then give
H+ + HCO3-

Question 6

What is base excess?

Answer 6

The amount of acid required to titrate 1L of blood to a pH of 7.4 and Paco2 of 40mmHg
positive base excess= alakalosis
Negative base excess = acidiosis

Question 7

What is a normal anion gap?

Answer 7

15-25mmol/L

Question 8

What can cause an increased anion gap?

Answer 8

Lactic acidosis

ketoacidosis

Question 9

What can cause a decreased anionic gap?

Answer 9

Hypoprotienaemia

• Portosystemic shunt
• Kidney diseae
• GI disease

Question 10

What does a low base excess mean?

Answer 10

Metabolic acidosis

Question 11

What does a high base excess mean?

Answer 11

Metabolic alkalosis