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PHGY 209 > Blood (Fluid aspect) > Flashcards

Blood (Fluid aspect) Flashcards

1
Q

What can blood transport

A

Nutients, Respiratory gasses, wastes, hormones

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2
Q

Blood composition

A

Plasma 55%
Buffy layer (WBC, platelets)
RBC 45%

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3
Q

What is Normovolemia

A

Normal blood volume

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4
Q

What is Hypovolemia

A

Lower blood volume

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5
Q

What is hypervolemia

A

Higher blood volume

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6
Q

What is Hematocrit (Ht)

A

Percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC : Ht = (height of RBC/height of whole blood) x 100

Normally 45%

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7
Q

Blood volume % of body weight

A

Normally blood = 7% = around 5L
Hematocrit =45% so RBC occupy 2,25L
Plasma = 2,75L

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8
Q

Composition of plasma

A

7% proteins (Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen)
90% water
Ions: mostly Na+ Cl- (similar to physiological saline, 0,9% NaCl)
Nutrients, Respiratory gasses, waste

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9
Q

Origin of plasma proteins

A

Liver: albumin, fibrinogen, alpha1, alpha2, Beta Globulins

Lymphoid tissue: Gamma (y) Globulin

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10
Q

Effect of renal disease on electrophoretic pattern of plasma proteins

A

Disease causes loss of proteins through urine.
Therefore, Albumin concentration is decreased.

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11
Q

What is electrophoresis with plasma

A

A drop of plasma is dropped on a side of a gel. Electrical current is put on other end. Proteins migrate towards current at a rate affecte by molelcular weight and the charge of the proteins

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12
Q

Properties of plasma proteins 7g%

A

Albumin: oval shape, MW of 69 kDa, concentration 4g% (smallest but higher number of particles)

Globulins: varied shape, MW 90-800 kDa, concentration 2,7g%

Fibrinogen: long shape, MW 350kDa concentration 0,3 g%

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13
Q

Which has more protein: ISF or Plasma

A

Plasma

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14
Q

ECF Osmolarity

A

1M solution of NaCl
58.5 g NaCl/L
0.9 g% NaCl = 9 g/L NaCl
9/58.5 = 0.15 M

NaCl = 2 ions Na+ Cl- so osmolarity is 2x molarity

0.3 Osm = 300 mOsm

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15
Q

Can plasma proteins cross the capillary wall?

A

No, they are too big

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16
Q

What type of solute contributes to Effective Osmotic Pressure

A

Non-diffusible solutes

Diffusible solute do not contribute because they become equally distributed on 2 sides of membrane

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17
Q

What is COP of plasma

A

Colloidal Osmotic Pressure
Pressure exerted by plasma proteins against capillary wall (25mmHg)
(inside plasma)

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18
Q

If COP increases

A

water flows into plasma

19
Q

If COP decreases

A

water flows into ISF

20
Q

2 Types of fluid transport across capillary wall

A

Filtration

Osmotic Flow

21
Q

What is bulk flow

A

flow of molecules subject to pressure difference

22
Q

What happens in filtration

A

Fluid in blood vessel is under pressure, fluid is pushed out of capillary into ISF

23
Q

What is Osmotic Flow

A

Plasma proteins pull fluid inside capillaries

24
Q

Starling forces

A

Combination of Filtration + Osmotic Flow

25
Q

Difference between diffusion and Starling Forces

A

Diffusion is exchange of nutrients, gasses, wastes across capillary wall

Sterling Forces distribute ECF volume between Plasma and ISF

26
Q

How exchange happens across capillaries

A

Blood pressure is higher coming from arteries, which causes a net filtration (push out)

at capillary level pressure lowers until net pressure = 25mmHg (COP)

Blood pressure on veins increases until net absorptions is high (pull in)

Constant exchange across length of capillary bed

27
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Excess fluid sent to lymphatic vessels is returned to the blood.

28
Q

What happens to fluid filtered out of capillaries

A

90% is recycled back

10% of fluid is drained by lymphatic vessels

29
Q

True or False, Wall of lymphatic vessels are highly permeable to all ISF constituents

A

True

including proteins that leaked from plasma into ISF

30
Q

Which proteins contribute most to COP

A

proteins in higher concentration in plasma

inversely related to MW of protein

31
Q

Is Albumin’s contribution to COP high?

A

Yes, it is present in plasma in higher concentration 4g%, so it exerts more pressure: 20 mmHg

32
Q

4 factors affecting transcapillary Dynamics

A

Hydrostatic pressure
COP
Capillary permeability
Lymphatic Drainage

33
Q

What is Edema

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces

34
Q

Causes of Edema

A

Increased Hydrostatic Pressure

Decreased Plasma Protein concentration
(COP)

Increased Capillary Permeability

Obstruction of Lymphatic Drainage

35
Q

Consequences of increased Hydrostatic Pressure

A

blood pressure: more fluid leaves at arterial end but net absorption at veinous end = 0 mmHg)

36
Q

Consequences of Decreased COP

A

less protein = less pressure, so at arterial end more fluid can leave (pressure out is higher), and at veinous end less fluid comes in (not enough pressure to pull in)

37
Q

Consequences of Increased Capillary Permeability

A

plasma proteins escape, and do oncotic pressure from ISF

arterial end: more fluid leaves
veinous end: not enough fluid enters

38
Q

Consequences of reduced lymphatic drainage

A

Damage to lymphatic system = excess fluid is not drained and accumulates in interstitial space

39
Q

Extreme edema from obstructed lymphatic drainage

A

Elephantiasis

lymphatic drainage is blocked by parasite infestation

40
Q

Roles of Plasma Proteins

A

Distribute fluid between plasma and ISF (by Starling Forces)

contribute to viscosity of plasma

contribute to buffering power of plasma (normal pH of 7,4)

41
Q

Specific role of Fibrinogen

A

Essential to clotting

42
Q

Specific role of Y-globulins

A

Immunoglobulins: provide specific resistance to infection

43
Q

Albumin and some globulins

A

Carriers for lipids, minerals, hormones

44
Q
A

PHGY 209 (5 decks)

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