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Path Buzzwords > Blood Film Signs > Flashcards

Blood Film Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Sickle Cells

A

Sickle Cell Anaemia

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2
Q

Spherocytes

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

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3
Q

Dacrocytes

A

Myelofibrosis

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4
Q

Target Cells

A

Obstructive Jaundice
Liver Disease
Haemoglobinopathies
Hyposplenism

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5
Q

Rounded Macrocytes

A

Alcoholic Liver Disease

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6
Q

Oval Macrocytes

A

Vitamin B12/Folate Deficiency

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7
Q

Polychromatic Macrocytes

A

Young RBCs

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8
Q

Irregularly Contracted Cells

A

Oxidant Damage

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9
Q

Elliptocytes

A

Hereditary Elliptocytosis

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10
Q

Pencil Cells

A

Iron Deficiency

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11
Q

Fragments

A

Mechanical Stress

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12
Q

Rouleaux

A

Plasma Protein Abnormalities

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13
Q

Agglutinates

A

Antibody causing agglutination

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14
Q

Howell-Jolly Body

A

Nuclear remnant from cell, due to poor spleen function

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15
Q

Left Shift

A

Severe bacterial infection

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16
Q

Toxic Granulation

A

Infection, inflammation, necrosis, pregnancy

17
Q

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

A

Lack of vitamin B12/folate

18
Q

Heinz Body

A

Haemolytic anaemia

19
Q

Bence Jones Protein (urine)

A

Light chain, related to lytic lesions (multiple myeloma)

20
Q

Fibrin Split Products

A

DIC

21
Q

Ham’s Test

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria

22
Q

Coomb’s Test

A

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia

23
Q

Metabisulfite Test

A

Sickle cell (accelerated deoxygenation)

24
Q

Osmotic Fragility Test

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

25
Q

Reticulocyte Test

A

Decreased in aplastic anaemia, increased in hypersplenism

26
Q

Sudan Black

A

Differentiates AML and ALL (stains myeloblasts)

27
Q

Myeloperoxidase

A

Extramedullary Leukaemia

28
Q

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

A

Hairy Cell Leukaemia

29
Q

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

A

Elevated in polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocytosis and myelofibrosis
Decreased in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and CML

30
Q

Factor V Deficiency

A 
No input from extrinsic pathway 
Increased PT
Increased APTT
Normal Platelets
Normal Bleeding Time
31
Q

Warfarin/Vitamin K Deficiency

A 
Inhibition of factors 2, 3, 9, 12 
Increased PT
Increased APPT
Normal Platelets
Normal Bleeding Time
32
Q

Glanzmann’s Thromboaesthesia

A 
Platelets lack GLP IIb and IIIa, so fibrinogen binding is disrupted
Normal PT
Normal APPT
Normal Platelets
Increased bleeding time
33
Q

Bernard Soulier Syndrome

A 
GLP Ib (receptor for vWF) is deficient 
Normal PT
Normal APPT
Normal Platelets
Increased bleeding time

Path Buzzwords (6 decks)

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