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PHARMACOLOGY 3.0 > Blood Drugs > Flashcards

Blood Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Heparin

A
  1. Accelerates binding of Antithrombin III to Factor Xa and Thrombin (Factor IIa)
  2. Inhibits Aldosterone secretion
  3. Increases concentration free Throxine
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2
Q

Antidote for Heparin

A

Protamine

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3
Q

Uses of Heparin

A
  • DVT
  • Pregnancy (DOC)
  • PE
  • Acute MI
  • dialysis tubing
  • blood containers
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4
Q

Enoxaparin

A
  • Formed by depolymerizing Heparin
  • More anti Factor Xa activity
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5
Q

High Protein binding LMW Heparins

A
  • Dalteparin
  • Ardeparin
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6
Q

small synthetic drug with key pentasaccharide (LMW Heparin)

A

Fondaparinux

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7
Q

Adverse drug reactions of Heparin

A
  • Transient Thrombocytopenia
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • Osteoporosis
  • platelet aggregation
  • anti platelet antibodies
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8
Q

Contraindications of Heparin:

A
  • Brain surgery, Head trauma, Recent major sugery
  • Active PTB
  • Bacterial Endocarditis
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9
Q

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors

A
  • Oral
    • Ximelgatran
    • Dabigatran
  • Parenteral
    • Hirudin
    • Lepirudin
    • Bivalirudin
    • Argatroban
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10
Q

Recombinant form of the leech protein (hirudin)

MOA: binds to active site of Thrombin and its substrate

A

Lepirudin

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11
Q

inhibits both soluble and enmeshed thrombin

A

Bivalirudin

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12
Q

MOA of Warfarin

A

Inhibits Vitamin K dependent synthesis of Factors 2,7,9 and 10

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13
Q

Adverse reactions from Warfarin (2)

A
  • Warfarin necrosis
    • Painful erythematous patch
    • w/in 3-10 days of treatment
  • Purple toe syndrome
    • 3-8 wks of treatment
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14
Q

Contraindications of Warfarin

A

Pregnancy

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15
Q

Antidote to Warfarin overdose

A
  • Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
  • FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma)
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16
Q

Drugs that increase Warfarin’s anticoagulation response

A
  • Acetylsalicylic acid
  • Cimetidine
  • Clofibrate
  • Disulfiram
  • Metronidazole
  • Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
  • Phenylbutazone
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17
Q

Drugs that decrease Warfarin’s anticoagulation response

A
  • Barbiturates
  • Glutethimide
  • Cholestyramine
  • Phenobarbital
  • Rifampin
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18
Q

MOA of Antiplatelet Drugs (4)

A
  • (-) Cyclooxygenase
    • Aspirin
    • Ibuprofen
  • (-) Phosphodiesterase
    • Dipyridamloe
    • Pentoxifylline
    • Cilostazole
  • (-) Adenosine 5’ diphosphate binding
    • Clopidogrel
    • Ticlopidine
  • (-) Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA receptor
    • Abciximab
    • Eptifibatide
    • Tirofiban
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19
Q

Decreases levels of fibrinogen

Improves RBC flexibility

Used for Intermittent Claudication

A

Pentoxifylline

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20
Q

Increases cellular uptake of adenosine and uptake of cAMP

A

Dipyridamole

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21
Q

Thrombolytic/Fibrinolytic Drugs

A
  • 1st Generation
    • Streptokinase
    • Urokinase
  • 2nd Generation
    • Alteplase
    • Anistreplase
  • 3rd Generation
    • Reteplase
    • Tenecteplase
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22
Q

MOA of Streptokinase

A

binds to Plasminogen and forms activator proteins that will convert Plasminogen to plasmin

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23
Q

MOA of Urokinase

A

Activates Plasminogen directly

24
Q

MOA of Alteplase

A

converts trapped plasminogen (tPA) to plasmin

less effect on circulating plasminogen

25
Q

Alteplase is the DOC for patients who?

A
  • previously received streptokinase
  • are given APSAC
  • have been treated for Streptococcal infection w/in the previous year
26
Q

Anistreplase

A
  • Anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC)
  • Active complex of strpetokinase and plasminogen
  • work equally on systemic plasminogen activator
  • blocked by anisoyl group
27
Q

Recombinant drug that catalyzes the conversion of Plasminogen to plasmin

A

Tenecteplase

28
Q

Oral Iron Drugs

A
  • Ferrous Sulfate
  • Ferrous Fumarate
  • Ferrous Cholne citrate
  • Ferrous Gluconate
29
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A
  • DOC: IDA
  • 20% elemental iron
30
Q

Ferrous fumarate

A
  • 30% elemental Iron
31
Q

Contains 12% elemental Iron (Oral Iron)

A
  • Ferrous choline citrate
  • Ferrous gluconate
32
Q

Adverse Drug reactions of oral Iron

A
  • Hemochromatosis
  • N/D/C Heartburn
33
Q

type of Iron given to patients who cannot tolerate oral iron and for patients with malabsorption syndromes

A

Parenteral Iron

34
Q

Ferric Hydroxide + LMW Dextran

A

Iron Dextran

35
Q

Deferoxamine

A

Antidote for Iron toxicity (Hemochromatosis)

36
Q

2 forms of Vitamin B12

A
  • Cyanocobalamin
  • Hydroxocobalamin
37
Q

useful in treating anemic patients with AIDS

A

Erythropoietin

38
Q

165-amino acid glycoprotein

A

Erythropoietin

39
Q

synthethic erythropoietins

A
  • Epoetin alpha
  • Darbopoetin alpha
40
Q

Myeloid Growth factors

A
  • Filgrastim (G-CSF)
  • Sargramostim (GM-CSF)
41
Q

Adverse reactions from Filgrastim

A
  • Bone pain
  • Splenomegaly
42
Q

Adverse drug reaction from Sargramostim

A
  • Fever
  • Arthalgia
  • edema
  • capillary damage
  • fluid accumulation
  • pleural and pericardial effusions
43
Q

Treatment for patients with aplastic anemia

A

Sargramostim

44
Q

Oprelvekin

A
  • IL-11
  • Stimulate growth of primitive megakaryocyte progenitors
  • increase number of peripheral platelets
45
Q

Causes of inadequate blood clotting:

A
  • Vitamin K deficiency
  • Errors of Clotting factor synthesis
  • Thrombocytopenia
46
Q

symptoms of rapid phytonadione infusion

A

dyspnea, chest and back pains, death

47
Q

agents used to treat heamophillia

A
  • Fresh plasma
  • Purified human blood clotting factors (FVIII and FIX)
48
Q

Sclerosing drugs/agents:

A
  • Ethanolamine oleate
  • Hypertonic saline
  • Morrhuate sodium
49
Q

MOA of sclerosing agents

A

Traumatize endothelial lining of distended veins and cause thrombosis within the vessel

50
Q

treatment used for varicose veins and esophageal varices

A

Morrhuate sodium

51
Q

Octreotide

A

Anti hemorrhagic drug

MOA: suppression of vasoactive GI hormones; vasocontriction within splenic circulation

(control bleeding: esophageal varices, acromegaly, GI endocrine tumors)

[Bradycardia, Abdominal cramps, Diarrhea, Flushing]

CI: Arrhythmia, Hypoglycemia Pancreatitis

52
Q

Amino caproic acid (EACA)

A

Fibrinolytic Inhibitors

MOA: competitive inhibition of plasminogen activation (chemichally similar to lysine)

(Adjunct to hemophilla, therapy for bleeding from fibrinolytic therapy, rebleeding from intracranial aneurysms)

[Intravascular thrombosis, hypotension, myopathy, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nasal stuffiness]

CI: GU bleeding, DIC

53
Q

Analog of EACA

A

Tranexamic Acid

54
Q

Aprotinin

A

Serine protease inhibitor

direct plasmin inhibitor

increase risk: Renal failure, Heart attack, stroke

55
Q
A

PHARMACOLOGY 3.0 (5 decks)

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