Blood Disorders

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

Low O2 carry ability. Sign of issue, not diagnosis. 
Caused by:
1. Chronic Blood Loss
2. Not enough RBC being produced. 
3. Too many RBCs are destroyed

Question 2

Hemorrhagic Anemia

Answer 2

Blood Loss Anemia:
Rapid blood loss
[T] blood transfusion

Question 3

Chronic Hemorrhagic Anemia

Answer 3

Blood Loss Anemia:
Slight but persistent blood loss (ulcers, hemorrhoids)
[T] stop blood loss

Question 4

Fe Deficiency Anemia

Answer 4

Not enough RBC production:
Caused by hemorrhagic anemia -> decrease Fe intake.
RBC called microcytes b/c small and pale. Not able to synthesize Hb b/c no Fe
[T} eat beans or meat or Fe supplements

Question 5

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 5

Not enough RBC Production:
autoimmune that destroys stomach mucosa => no B12 is absorbed => slows production of erythropoiesis
RBC called macrocytes b/c RBC enlargens without B12.
[T] B12 injections or EAT BEANS!!!
ISSUE FOR VEGETARIANS

Question 6

Renal Anemia

Answer 6

Not enough RBC Production:
caused by lack of EPO release (partnered with renal disease)
[T] Synthetic EPO

Question 7

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 7

Not enough RBC Production:
Destruction or inhibition of stem cells.
Caused by drugs, chemicals radiation, or virus.
B-Clotting and immune defects
[T] short term- transfusions
[T] Long term- Rbone marrow transplant

Question 8

Premature Lysis of RBCs

Hemolytic anemias

Answer 8

Too Many RBC’s destroyed
Caused by incompatible transfusions or Hb abnormalities
Thalassemias: mediterranean ancestry; one globin chain = absent. RBCs= thin and break easily

Question 9

Sickle-Cell Anemia

Answer 9

Mutated Hb-S; only ONE amino acid is wrong in globin beta chain. Poor O2 delivery when blood sickles from exercise.
[T] Transfusions or nitric oxide inhalation
{Prevention} hydroxyurea (induced formation of fetal Hb so wont sickle. (2) stem cell transplant (3) nitric oxide (vasodilator)

Question 10

Polycythemia

Answer 10

Abnormal excess of RBCs (high viscosity = sluggish blood)

Question 11

Polycthemia Vera

Answer 11

Bone Marrow Cancer => RBC production; hematocrit level increases to 80%
[T] therapeutic phlebotomy

Question 12

Secondary Polycthemia

Answer 12

excess RBC lvls:

caused by low O2 lvls or high EPO production

Question 13

Blood Doping

Answer 13

Cheater athletes remove store and re-infuse their RBCs before events.
Undetectable way b/c it’s their own blood.
Why teams test O2 lvls