BLOOD: DISEASES & DISORDERS

Question 1

Inflammation of the endocardium; affects the valves more severely than other areas of the endocardium; may lead to
scarring, causing stenosed or incompetent valves

Answer 1

Endocarditis

Question 2

Disease of the myocardium of unknown cause or occurring secondarily to other disease; results in weakened cardiac
muscle, causing all chambers of the heart to enlarge; may eventually lead to congestive heart failure

Answer 2

Cardiomyopathy

Question 3

Results from a streptococcal infection in young people; toxin produced by the bacteria can cause rheumatic fever
several weeks after the infection that can result in rheumatic endocarditis

Answer 3

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 4

Reduces the amount of blood the coronary arteries can deliver to the myocardium; see Clinical Impact, “Heart Attack”

Answer 4

Coronary heart disease

Question 5

Formation of blood clot in a coronary artery

Answer 5

Coronary thrombosis

Question 6

Hole in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart, allowing blood to flow from one side of the heart
to the other and greatly reducing the heart’s pumping effectiveness

Answer 6

Septal defect

Question 7

Ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary trunk under a higher
pressure, which damages the lungs; also, the left ventricle must work harder to maintain adequate systemic pressure

Answer 7

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 8

• Chest pain that radiates down left arm
• Tightness and pressure in chest
• Difficulty breathing
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness and fatigue

Answer 8

Myocardial Infarctions