BLOOD COLLECTION AND PROCESSING

Question 1

Adverse reactions in blood collection:

Answer 1

1.Cardiogenic or Hypovolemic shock
2. Cardiopulmonary emergency arrest
3. **Convulsion
4. Fainting and vasovagal reactions
5. Hyperventilation
6. Hematoma
7. Jet-like bleeding with bright redblood
8. Nausea and vomiting
9. Shooting pain followed by numbness and tingling on forearm

Question 2

Fainting & vasovagal reactions
- Characterized by general weakness,
sweating, dizziness, pallor, and loss of
consciousness pale skin
Lightheadedness
- BP is low. PR falls below normal range

Answer 2

RESOLUTION

1. Apply cold compress on donor’s forehead or
   at the back of the neck (to revive donor)
2. Raise donor’s legs above the level of the
   head/heart (restore Blood Flow to brain)
3. Loosen tight clothing and secure airway
4. Administer aromatic SPIRIT OF AMMONIA
   by inhalation. *Donor should respond by
   coughing (smelling salts)
5. Monitor vital signs
6. Last resort: DISCONTINUE BLEEDING
7. Administer glucose solution if necessary

Question 3

Hyperventilation
- Twitching or muscle spasms are the initial
signs of hyperventilation
- May induce tonic-clonic movements
similar to convulsion (rhythmical
Jerking)

Answer 3

Resolution:

1. Talk to the patient to disrupt his/her
   breathing patterns
   2.Have the donor breathe into a paper bag
   - not advised to give O2 to donor

Question 4

·Nausea and Vomiting

Answer 4

1.Instruct the patient to breathe slowly and
deeply. Instruct them to turn their head to one
side
2.Provide an emesis basin and clean towels

Question 5

Cardiogenic or Hypovolemic Shock
- Characterized by increase in Pulse Rate

Decreased cardiac output/Blood pressure

Answer 5

Management

1. Pharmacologic therapy to maintain
   NORMAL CANDIAC OUTPUT and BP
2. Admission to an intensive care setting
   3.Restoration of coronary blood flow
   4.Electrolyte and acid-base correction

Question 6

*$Hematoma**
- It is a localized collection of extravasated
blood under the skin resulting in a bluish
discoloration
- Caused by needle going through a vein,
with subsequent leakage of blood

Answer 6

Management

1. Remove tourniquet & withdraw needle
2. Apply pressure with sterile gauze for 7-10
   minutes
3. Apply ICE COLD COMPNESS to the area for 5
   minutes

Question 7

Convulsion
- Possible involuntary loss of control of urine / stool during episode

Answer 7

Management

1. Discontinue
2. Maintain open airway
3. Restrain gently

Question 8

Cardiopulmonary Emergency / Arrest

Answer 8

*Management**

1.Ventilation (CPR if necessary)
2. Transfer to emergency medical facility

Question 9

Jet-like bleeding with bright red blood
- Inadvertent puncture of ARTERY
- O2 BRIGHT RED

Answer 9

Management

1.Discontinue immediately
2. Apply pressure on site for 10 minutes
3.Apply dressing on site

Question 10

Shooting pain followed by numbness
and tingling on forearm
- Inadvertent puncture of MEDIAN NERVE/
CUTANEOUS BRANCHES

Answer 10

Management

Apply support to arm