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Lab Pro > Blood collection and handling > Flashcards

Blood collection and handling Flashcards

1
Q

What is needed when collecting a sample?

A

Determine which tests, supplies, and vessel you will use

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2
Q

What is the preferred blood source and where?

A

ALWAYS venous blood, not arterial blood. Jugular vein is more appropriate vessel

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3
Q

What size needle is best?

A

Largest needle that the patient can comfortably accommodate

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4
Q

What size syringe is the best?

A

The one that best matches the blood volume you will need

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5
Q

What does a Vacutainer compose of?

A

Needle, needle holder, tubing, and collection tubes

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6
Q

Why should you use the correct size tube with the vacutainer?

A

to minimize hemolysis of the sample and to prevent collapse of the vein

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7
Q

What is the corrent volume of the tube based on?

A

the strength of vaccuum pressure to ensure appropriate ratio of blood to anticoagulant

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8
Q

What does an anticoagulant do?

A

keeps blood from clotting

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9
Q

What is the advantage of the vacutainer?

A

multiple samples can be collected directly into tubes without removing the needle form the patient

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10
Q

the amount of blood collected from an animal depends on what?

A

amount of serum or plasma as well as the hydration status of the animal

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11
Q

enough blood should be taken to run the required tests how many times and why?

A

3 times, to compensate for error or the need for diluted samples

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12
Q

fluid portion of whole blood

A

serum or plasma

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13
Q

what % is the fluid portion of blood

A

90% water, 10% dissolved constituents like proteins, vitamins, carbs, hormones, etc

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14
Q

clotting factors are called

A

fibrinogen

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15
Q

plasma with no clotting factors

A

serum

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16
Q

what kind of motion is used for a sample and why?

A

rocking or rolling motion, if vigorously shaking, can cause hemolysis

17
Q

definition of anticoagulant

A

chemicals that prevent or delay the clotting process

18
Q

whole blood should never be ___ as process can cause what?

A

frozen, freezing/thawing process can lyse the blood cells

19
Q

Red topped tube

A

contains no anticoagulants, used for whole, clotted blood and serum samples

20
Q

Serum seperator/ Tiger topped tubes

A

contains no anticoagulant, yellow-ish plug of clot activation gel that separates serum from cells when spun. used for serum samples, not used for therapeutic drug level monitoring

21
Q

Lavender/purple topped tubes

A

has anticoagulant EDTA (ethlenediamine tetraacetic acid) used for whole blood or plasma samples, CBCs because it doesn’t alter cell morphology. excess of AC can cause cells to shrink

22
Q

Grey topped tube

A

contains AC NA+ Flouride. best for glucose preservation

23
Q

Blue topped tube

A

Contains AC NA+ Citrate (which can interfere with Na tests and serum tests). used in transfusion

24
Q

Green Topped tubes

A

contains AC heparin. used for tests that require plasma samples. should never be used for Differential blood film analysis. AC interferes with staining WBCs

25
Q

Study of blood

A

hematology

26
Q

4 things of why hematology is important

A

Eval of disease state, base line for well animals, Pre Ax screening, drug level monitoring

27
Q

production of blood cells and platelets

A

Hematopoiesis

28
Q

All blood cells arise from the same

A

pluripotent stem cell

29
Q

What is blood composed of

A

fluid and cells

30
Q

PCV measures the percent of what kind of cells

A

red cells

31
Q

quickest and easiest way to determine the number of RBCs in a CBC

A

hematocrit (HCT) or referred to as the packed cell volume (PCV_

32
Q

PCV will tell you if animal is…

A

anemic or dehydrated

33
Q

normal PCV values, 4 of them

A

canine - 37-55%
feline - 30-45%
equine - 32-52%
bovine - 24-46%

34
Q

4 colors of plasma

A

normal - clear or straw
cloudy - lipemic
reddish tinge - hemolyzed
yellow - icteric

35
Q

plasma protein concentrations are estimated with?

A

refractometer

36
Q

plasma is used to determine the TP/TS collected by what?

A

breaking the hematocrit tube just above the buffy coat/plasma interface

37
Q

Blood film (blood smear) is used to perform what?

A

WBC differential, estimate platelet numbers, and evaluate the morphological features of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

38
Q

stain a slide using what kind of order?

A

light to dark from light blue(eosinophil fixitive), pink(stain), purple (basophil stain)

39
Q

performing the differential cell count

A

count with a blood counting machine (count a total of 100 cells and turn into a %) or by hand (must first make a perfect smear and stain the slide once dry)

Lab Pro (4 decks)

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