Blood Chapter 19 Vocabulary Flashcards
Erythrocytes
RBC 4-6 million cells
Hemoglobin
Protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group. (what makes your blood red)
Hematocrit
The percentage by volume of red cells in your blood.
Transferrin
A protein of the beta globulin group which binds and transports iron in blood serum.
Erythropoietin
Simulates RBCs production (made in the kidney)
Agglutination
When RBCS or bacteria in a liquid collect into clumps (a reaction)
Bilirubin
Yellowish pigment that is made during the breakdown of RBC.
Passes through the liver and excreted out
Formed from heme
Leukocytes
WBCs4800-10800
Granulocyte
Have small granules that are released to kill infections.
Phagocyte
A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.
Basophils
Allergic reactions
Excrete Heparin for blood clotting and histamine to reduce inflammation
Least common
(Granulocyte)
Neutrophils
WBC
Matured ones are 1st to arrive at the infection site
Effective against bacteria and fungus.
Releases enzymes to kill pathogens
Less mature ones are called band cells. An increased number of band cells is called a left shift this indicates an infection.
(Granulocyte and Phagocytic)
Monocytes
Travels through the blood to tissues where it becomes a macrophage.
Kills fungi and infections.
Largest WBC
(Phagocyte)
Killer Cells
In the lymphoid tissue
Potent killers of virus-infected cells and cancer cells
Release cytokines
Help mobilizes T and B cells
Eosinophils
WBC
Neutralizes histamine in allergic reactions Great for parasitic infections
Too much can cause tissue damage (Granulocyte and Phagocytic)
Lymphocyte
WBC with the most vertebrate
3 types Natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. Main type of cell found in lymph
T Cells
Dervied from the thymus. (T=Thymus)Provies cellur immunity Recongize material as forgein. Is good when it destorys tumor cells, is bad when it rejects organs (from a transplant)
B cells
Humoral immunity differentiates and becomes plamsa cells which produce antbodies called immungobluins.B memory cells that help body remeber pervous pathogens
Thrombocytes
Platelets150,000-400,000
Coagulation
Process of a liquid, especially blood, changing to a solid or semi-solid state. (blood clotting)
Fibrinogen
Protein produced by the liver.
Turns into fibrin
Helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots form.
Prothrombin
Inactive precursor that is converted to thrombin during coagulation
Thrombin
Enzyme in plasma that causes blood clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin.
Albumins
Protein made by liver, helps the body maintain intravascular colloid osmotic pressure, neutralize toxins, and transport therapeutic agents.
Globulins
Made in your liver by your immune system. Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection
Immunoglobulin
Also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction.
Vascular spasm
Narrowing of the arteries caused by a persistent contraction of the blood vessels. This narrowing can reduce blood flow.
Heme
Precursor to hemoglobin.
Biosynthesized in bone marrow and liver.
Intrinsic Pathway
Intrinsic to the blood.
Depends on factors inside the blood.
Activated by internal trauma
Extrinsic Pathway
Depends on factors from outside the blood.
Activated by external trauma
Common Pathway
Results from merging extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
