Blood Chapter 19 Review Questions Flashcards
Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph
Neutrophil
Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph.
Eosinophil
Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph
Basophil
Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph
Monocyte
Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph
Lymphocyte
The formed elements of the blood include
(a) plasma, fibrin, and serum
(b) albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
(c) WBCs, RBCs, and, platelets
(d) all of these.
(c)WBCS RBCs and platelets.
Blood temperature is approximately, and blood pH averages
(a) 36°C, 7.0
(b) 39°C, 7.8
(c) 38°C, 7.4
(d) 37°C, 7.0.
(c) 38°C, 7.4
Plasma contributes approximately percent of the volume of whole blood, and water accounts for percent of the plasma volume.
(a) 55, 92
(b) 25, 55
(c) 92, 55
(d) 35, 72
(a) 55, 92.
Serum is
(a) the same as blood plasma
(b) plasma minus the formed elements
(c) plasma minus the proteins
(d) plasma minus fibrinogen
(e) plasma minus the electrolytes
(d) plasma minus fibrinogen
A hemoglobin molecule is composed of
(a) two protein chains,
(b) three protein chains
(c) four protein chains and nothing else,
(d) four protein chains and four heme groups
(e) four heme groups but no protein
(d) four protein chains and four heme groups
The following is a list of the phases involved in the process of hemostasis
(1) coagulation (2) fibrinolysis (3) vascular spasm (4) retraction (5) platelet phase
The correct sequence of these phases is
(a) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
(b) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
(c) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
(d) 3, 5, 4, 1, 2,
(e) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1.
(b) 3,5,1,4,2
Stem cells responsible for lymphocytopoiesis are located in
(a) the thymus and spleen
(b) the lymph nodes
(c) the red bone marrow
(d) all of these structures
(d) all of these structures
__ and __ affect almost every aspect of the clotting process.
(a) Calcium, vitamin K
(b) Calcium, vitamin B12
(c) Sodium, vitamin K,
(d) Sodium, vitamin B12
(a) Calcium, vitamin k
What five major functions are performed by blood?
1- Transportation- Transports dissolved gasses, waste, nutrients, and hormones.
2- Blood clotting- Makes sure that the body doesn’t lose blood from an injury.
3- Temperature - Regulates body temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat
4- Ph- Regulates ph balance and ion composition of interstitial fluids.
5- Defense- Fights foregin pathogens and substances.
Name the three major types of plasma proteins and identify their functions.
Albumin maintains osmotic pressure, and transports fatty acids
Globulins include antibodies (immunoglobulins), that defend the body by attacking foreign proteins and pathogens. Globulins also bind ions, hormones, and other compounds.
Fibrinogen molecules are converted to fibrin to make blood clot to make sure the body does not lose too much blood from injury.
Which type of antibodies does plasma contain for each of the following blood types?
(a) type A, (b) type B, (c) type AB, (d) type O.
(A) anti-B antibodies
(B) anti-A antibodies
(C) Neither
(D) Both
What four characteristics of WBCs are important to their response to tissue invasion or injury?
- Emigration
- Amoeboid movement
- Positive chemotaxis
- Phagocytosis
Which kinds of WBCs contribute to the body’s nonspecific defenses?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes function in nonspecific defense.
Name the three types of lymphocytes and identify their functions
1- B lymphocytes (B cells) make natural killer cells and give cell-mediated immunity
2- T lymphocytes (T cells) give humoral immunity
3- Natural killer cells provide immunize surveillance
What is the difference between prothrombin and thrombin?
The difference between prothrombin and thrombin is that prothrombin is converted into thrombin whereas thrombin is an enzyme that gets blood to clot by making fibrinogen to fibrin.
What four conditions cause the release of erythropoietin?
1- respiratory surfaces of lungs are hurt
2- Oxygen of the air in lungs gets lower
3- Iron deficiency
4- Blood flow to kidney gets low
What contribution from the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways is necessary for the common pathway to begin?
For the common pathway to begin activation of the Factor X and the formation of prothrombinase by the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways need to happen.
Dehydration would
(a) cause an increase in the hematocrit
(b) cause a decrease in the hematocrit
(c) have no effect on the hematocrit,
(d) cause an increase in plasma volume
(a) cause an increase in the hematocrit
Erythropoietin directly stimulates RBC formation by
(a) increasing rates of mitotic divisions in erythroblasts
(b) speeding up the maturation of red blood cells
(c) accelerating the rate of hemoglobin synthesis
(d) all of these.
(d) all of these
The waste product bilirubin is formed from
(a) transferrin
(b) globin
(c) heme
(d) hemosiderin
(e) ferritin
(c) heme
A difference between the A, B, and O blood types and the Rh factor is
(a) Rh agglutinogens are not found on the surface of red blood cells,
(b) Rh agglutinogens do not produce a cross-reaction, (c) individuals who are Rh- do not carry agglutinins to Rh factor unless they have been previously sensitized (d) Rh agglutinogens are found free in the plasma
(e) Rh agglutinogens are found bound to plasma proteins.
(c) individuals who are Rh- do not carry agglutinins to Rh factor unless they have been previously sensitized
How do red blood cells differ from white blood cells in both form and function?
RBCs differ from WBCs because they don’t have a nucleus whereas WBCs do. RBCs transport oxygen whereas WBC defends the body from foreign substances.
How do elements of blood defend against toxins and pathogens in the body?
Blood contains WBCs that contain antibodies that mark toxins and pathogens as a threat which then leads to the foreign substances getting destroyed.
What is the role of blood in the stabilization and maintenance of body temperature?
Blood helps stabilize and maintain body temperature by storing heat and transferring it to other tissues.
