Blood Chapter 19 Review Questions

Question 1

Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph

Answer 1

Neutrophil

Question 2

Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph.

Answer 2

Eosinophil

Question 3

Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph

Answer 3

Basophil

Question 4

Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph

Answer 4

Monocyte

Question 5

Identify the white blood cell in the following photograph

Answer 5

Lymphocyte

Question 6

The formed elements of the blood include
(a) plasma, fibrin, and serum
(b) albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
(c) WBCs, RBCs, and, platelets
(d) all of these.

Answer 6

(c)WBCS RBCs and platelets.

Question 7

Blood temperature is approximately, and blood pH averages
(a) 36°C, 7.0
(b) 39°C, 7.8
(c) 38°C, 7.4
(d) 37°C, 7.0.

Answer 7

(c) 38°C, 7.4

Question 8

Plasma contributes approximately percent of the volume of whole blood, and water accounts for percent of the plasma volume.
(a) 55, 92
(b) 25, 55
(c) 92, 55
(d) 35, 72

Answer 8

(a) 55, 92.

Question 9

Serum is
(a) the same as blood plasma
(b) plasma minus the formed elements
(c) plasma minus the proteins
(d) plasma minus fibrinogen
(e) plasma minus the electrolytes

Answer 9

(d) plasma minus fibrinogen

Question 10

A hemoglobin molecule is composed of
(a) two protein chains,
(b) three protein chains
(c) four protein chains and nothing else,
(d) four protein chains and four heme groups
(e) four heme groups but no protein

Answer 10

(d) four protein chains and four heme groups

Question 11

The following is a list of the phases involved in the process of hemostasis
(1) coagulation (2) fibrinolysis (3) vascular spasm (4) retraction (5) platelet phase
The correct sequence of these phases is
(a) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
(b) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
(c) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
(d) 3, 5, 4, 1, 2,
(e) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1.

Answer 11

(b) 3,5,1,4,2

Question 12

Stem cells responsible for lymphocytopoiesis are located in
(a) the thymus and spleen
(b) the lymph nodes
(c) the red bone marrow
(d) all of these structures

Answer 12

(d) all of these structures

Question 13

__ and __ affect almost every aspect of the clotting process.
(a) Calcium, vitamin K
(b) Calcium, vitamin B12
(c) Sodium, vitamin K,
(d) Sodium, vitamin B12

Answer 13

(a) Calcium, vitamin k

Question 14

What five major functions are performed by blood?

Answer 14

1- Transportation- Transports dissolved gasses, waste, nutrients, and hormones.
2- Blood clotting- Makes sure that the body doesn’t lose blood from an injury.
3- Temperature - Regulates body temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat
4- Ph- Regulates ph balance and ion composition of interstitial fluids.
5- Defense- Fights foregin pathogens and substances.

Question 15

Name the three major types of plasma proteins and identify their functions.

Answer 15

Albumin maintains osmotic pressure, and transports fatty acids
Globulins include antibodies (immunoglobulins), that defend the body by attacking foreign proteins and pathogens. Globulins also bind ions, hormones, and other compounds.
Fibrinogen molecules are converted to fibrin to make blood clot to make sure the body does not lose too much blood from injury.

Question 16

Which type of antibodies does plasma contain for each of the following blood types?
(a) type A, (b) type B, (c) type AB, (d) type O.

Answer 16

(A) anti-B antibodies
(B) anti-A antibodies
(C) Neither
(D) Both

Question 17

What four characteristics of WBCs are important to their response to tissue invasion or injury?

Answer 17

1. Emigration
2. Amoeboid movement
3. Positive chemotaxis
4. Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which kinds of WBCs contribute to the body’s nonspecific defenses?

Answer 18

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes function in nonspecific defense.

Question 19

Name the three types of lymphocytes and identify their functions

Answer 19

1- B lymphocytes (B cells) make natural killer cells and give cell-mediated immunity
2- T lymphocytes (T cells) give humoral immunity
3- Natural killer cells provide immunize surveillance

Question 20

What is the difference between prothrombin and thrombin?

Answer 20

The difference between prothrombin and thrombin is that prothrombin is converted into thrombin whereas thrombin is an enzyme that gets blood to clot by making fibrinogen to fibrin.

Question 21

What four conditions cause the release of erythropoietin?

Answer 21

1- respiratory surfaces of lungs are hurt
2- Oxygen of the air in lungs gets lower
3- Iron deficiency
4- Blood flow to kidney gets low

Question 22

What contribution from the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways is necessary for the common pathway to begin?

Answer 22

For the common pathway to begin activation of the Factor X and the formation of prothrombinase by the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways need to happen.

Question 23

Dehydration would
(a) cause an increase in the hematocrit
(b) cause a decrease in the hematocrit
(c) have no effect on the hematocrit,
(d) cause an increase in plasma volume

Answer 23

(a) cause an increase in the hematocrit

Question 24

Erythropoietin directly stimulates RBC formation by
(a) increasing rates of mitotic divisions in erythroblasts
(b) speeding up the maturation of red blood cells
(c) accelerating the rate of hemoglobin synthesis
(d) all of these.

Answer 24

(d) all of these

Question 25

The waste product bilirubin is formed from
(a) transferrin
(b) globin
(c) heme
(d) hemosiderin
(e) ferritin

Answer 25

(c) heme

Question 26

A difference between the A, B, and O blood types and the Rh factor is
(a) Rh agglutinogens are not found on the surface of red blood cells,
(b) Rh agglutinogens do not produce a cross-reaction, (c) individuals who are Rh- do not carry agglutinins to Rh factor unless they have been previously sensitized (d) Rh agglutinogens are found free in the plasma
(e) Rh agglutinogens are found bound to plasma proteins.

Answer 26

(c) individuals who are Rh- do not carry agglutinins to Rh factor unless they have been previously sensitized

Question 27

How do red blood cells differ from white blood cells in both form and function?

Answer 27

RBCs differ from WBCs because they don’t have a nucleus whereas WBCs do. RBCs transport oxygen whereas WBC defends the body from foreign substances.

Question 28

How do elements of blood defend against toxins and pathogens in the body?

Answer 28

Blood contains WBCs that contain antibodies that mark toxins and pathogens as a threat which then leads to the foreign substances getting destroyed.

Question 29

What is the role of blood in the stabilization and maintenance of body temperature?

Answer 29

Blood helps stabilize and maintain body temperature by storing heat and transferring it to other tissues.