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DYS: Pharmacology + ADME > Blood cells > Flashcards

Blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

_litres of blood = _body mass

A

5 litres of blood = 8% body mass

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2
Q

% of RBCs

A

42% - 45%

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3
Q

% of WBCs

A

1%

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4
Q

% of Plasma

A

55% - 58%

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5
Q

RBCs

A

Discoid (large SA:V)
No nucleus
Contains haemoglobin
120 day lifespan

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6
Q

Describe the regulation of erythropoiesis

A 
Low O2 (hypoxia) in circulation is detected by the peritubular cells in Kidney which secretes erythropoietin 
Increases no. of stem cells committed to erythropoiesis
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7
Q

List the stages in iron metabolism

A

Iron - from diet:
(Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+ by stomach acid) –ve effects of antacids, chelation by
Ferrous iron (Fe2+) tetracycline
Fe3+ produced by mucosal cells of duodenum. Binds to apoferritin to produce ferritin (stores)
Release iron into blood to bind with transferrin (transport) Delivers iron to bone marrow (ferritin stores)
Iron in Hb

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8
Q

State how white blood cell production may be regulated

A

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) e.g. granulocyte CSF - acts on neutrophil cell line
CSFs stimulated by infections

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9
Q

Approximate normal values for haemoglobin

A

Males 13.5 - 17.5 g/dl

Female 11.5 - 15.5 g/dl

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10
Q

Approximate normal values for haematocrit

A

packed cell volume - centrifuge blood down - % that is RBC

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11
Q

Define mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

volume (fl) of individual RBCs = haematocrit/RBCperL

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12
Q

How do you determine blood groups?

A 
Determined by antigens on RBCs 
A = A antigens, B antibodies
B = B antigens, A antibodies
AB = A+B antigens
O = no A/B antigens but A+B antibodies
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13
Q

What links globin chains?

A

Covalent bonds

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14
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature RBCs - nucleus extruded + taken up by bone marrow macrophages (phagocytic cell)

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15
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature RBCs - nucleus extruded + taken up by bone marrow macrophages (phagocytic cell)

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16
Q

Process of Maturation

A

mRNA in reticulocytes allows haemoglobin to still be synthesised
Reticulocytes can enter blood stream (make up 0.5% - 2% of circulating RBCs)
Retic count elevated when erythropoiesis is increased

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17
Q

What is Recombinant EPO used clinically?

A

Recombinant EPO used clinically to treat anaemia linked to renal failure

18
Q

Haem group

A

Ferrous iron Fe2+ at the centre of a protoporphryn complex

19
Q

How is MCV useful?

A

Microcytic anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia
Alcohol abuse

20
Q

How is MCV useful?

A

Microcytic anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia
Alcohol abuse

21
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Ferrous iron Fe2+ at the centre of a protoporphryn complex

22
Q

Blood cel Production

A

Fetus + neonate = liver + spleen

Neonate + child + adult = bone marrow

23
Q

Blood cell Production

A

Fetus + neonate = liver + spleen

Neonate + child + adult = bone marrow

24
Q

How do you prevent haemolytic disease of the new born?

A

Prevent with Anti-D immunisation - Anti-D immunoglobulin
Given after delivery of 1st child, bins to infant cells that have passed into mother + prevents mother raising antibodies

25
Q

Immunocytes

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

What are the 2 groupings for WBCs?

A

Phagocytes + Immunocytes

27
Q

5 types of Leucocytes

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
28
Q

Platelets

A

Cellular fragments
Non-nucleated
Used in clot formation

29
Q

What happens when your iron deficient?

A

Iron uptake in guts increase
Erythyroid regulator from bone marrow
Iron stores regulator

30
Q

What happens when your iron deficient?

A

Iron uptake in guts increase
Erythyroid regulator from bone marrow
Iron stores regulator

31
Q

How efficient is iron recycling?

A

90% - from breakdown of RBCs in Liver + Spleen

32
Q

-philia

A

Increased

- neutrophilia = increased neutrophil count

33
Q

-penia

A

decreased

- neutropenia = decreased neutrophil count

34
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Reduction in all cell counts

35
Q

Neutrophils

A

Phagocytosis of microorganisms (60-70%)

36
Q

Eosinophils

A

associated with parasite killing + inflammation (1-4%)

37
Q

Basophils

A

Release histamine in hypersensitivity reactions (0.5%)

38
Q

Monocytes

A

Phagocytic, leave blood + become macrophages (2-6%)

39
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies (25-33%)

40
Q

What protein is haemoglobin

A

Allosteric protein

DYS: Pharmacology + ADME (6 decks)

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