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Block 2 CTB > Blood cell histology and investigations > Flashcards

Blood cell histology and investigations Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma and cells?

A

Plasma – 55%
Cells – 45%

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2
Q

Name 4 things which plasma contains.

A

Water
Small organic compounds
Electrolytes
Proteins

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3
Q

What are platelets (thrombocytes)?

A

Small, disc-shaped cell fragments

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4
Q

What is haematopoiesis?

A

The process by which blood cells are made

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5
Q

All blood cells arise from what?

A

Haematopoietic stem cells

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6
Q

Describe the potency of haematopoietic stem cells.

A

Multipotent

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7
Q

What is stem cell potency?

A

The potential of stem cells to differentiate and develop into many different types of specialized cells

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8
Q

Name the 5 types of stem cell potency.

A

Totipoten

Pluripotent

Multipotent

Oligopotent

Unipotent

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9
Q

What can totipotent cells differentiate into?

A

Any cell type, including embryonic and extraembryonic

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10
Q

Give an example of a totipotent cell.

A

The zygote (fertilized egg) and the early blastomeres resulting from the first few cell divisions of the zygote

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11
Q

What can pluripotent cells differentiate into?

A

Nearly all cell types but not extraembryonic tissues like the placenta

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12
Q

Describe the potency of lymphoid and myeloid stem cells.

A

Oligopotent

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13
Q

Describe the site of haematopoiesis in 0-3 months gestation.

A

Yolk sac

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14
Q

Describe the site of haematopoiesis in 3 months gestation.

A

Liver and, to a much lesser extent, the spleen

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15
Q
  1. Describe the site of haematopoiesis in 4 months gestation.
A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of bone marrow?

A

Red marrow and yellow marrow

17
Q

Yellow marrow is composed predominantly of what?

A

Fat cells

18
Q

What happens to red bone marrow as we age?

A

It’s converted to yellow marrow

19
Q

By the age of 30, red bone marrow is only found in which 5 places?

A

Cranial bones

Sternum

Ribs

Vertebrae

Pelvis

20
Q

Describe the composition of red blood cells.

A

30-35% haemoglobin

60-65% water

21
Q

What are the 2 benefits of the biconcave shape of RBCs?

A

Maximizes the surface-volume ratio and so facilitates the exchange of O2 and CO2

Increases cell flexibility, making it easier for cells to pass through the capillaries

22
Q

What colour do basophils stain? Which compound causes this?

A

Deep blue – haematoxylin

23
Q

What needs to be added to a blood sample and which colour test tube should be used if you need to look at the cellular components of blood?

A

An anticoagulant – EDTA, in a purple top tube

24
Q

If serum wants to be looked at, what colour tube should be used?

A

Gold top tube

25
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

An immature red blood cell

26
Q

How is MCH calculated?

A

Haemoglobin over RBC count

27
Q

How is MCV calculated?

A

Haematocrit over RBC count

Block 2 CTB (16 decks)

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