Blood Borne Viruses

Question 0

Describe HIV and its transmission

Answer 0

HIV1 - most common, HIV - confined to W. Africa (less virulent)
Gp120 binds to CD4+
Anti HIV drugs stop virus binding (protein inhibitors), reverse transcribing, integrating (integrase inhibitors)
Transmission - sexual, blood, bodily fluids, vertical transmission

Question 1

Describe the principles of virus structure, classification and replication

Answer 1

Structure - spikes (antigens for attaching), envelope (susceptibility), protein coat (protects, organises), nucleic acid
Classification - DNA/RNA, single/double stranded, enveloped/non-enveloped
Replication - replicates with host

Question 2

Describe Hepatitis B and its transmission

Answer 2

Circular double stranded DNA
Leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer
Incubation period - 2-6 months
Markers - IgG (natural infection, protection), IgM (chronic active hepatitis)
Transmission - parenteral (IV), sexual, vertical
Universal vaccination (3 doses)
Post exposure prophylaxis available

Question 3

Explain procedure with needlestick injuries

Answer 3

Wear gloves (double?) 
Immediately dispose of sharps
Be cautious of bodily fluid
Wash with soap and water
Encourage bleeding
Get blood samples 
Risk assessment