An Infection Model

Question 0

Describe the principles of antimicrobial resistance

Answer 0

Gene mutation 
Horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, transformation, transduction)
Drug inactivating enzymes
Altered uptake (increased efflux)
Altered target

Question 1

Understand and describe a model of infection

Answer 1

Pathogen + Patient –> Infection –> Management –> Outcome
Mechanism of Infection
Pathogen - bacteria, virus (prokaryotes), fungi, parasite (eukaryotes)
Patient - person (age, gender, physiological and pathological state, social factors), time (calendar, relative), place (current, recent)
Mechanism of infection - contiguous, inoculation, haematogenous, ingestion, inhalation, vector, vertical transmission
Infection - attachment, toxin production, host damage, host defences, inflammation
Management - history, examination, investigation, treatment (specific, supportive), infection prevention
Outcome - cure/death +/- disability