Blood and Organs - Unit 4 (2/2) Flashcards
what are the bloods 4 main components
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
what do red blood cells transport
Transport oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body
what is the oxygen in the red blood cells used for
The oxygen is used for aerobic respiration
word equation for red blood cells
Glucose + oxygen → Carbon dioxide + water
where does aerobic respiration occur
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, and is very efficient, releasing more energy than anaerobic respiration (respiration without oxygen)
what are white blood cells
they are part of your immune system
2 type of white blood cells
phagocytes and lymphocytes
what do the white blood cells do
defend your body againt pathogens
what is a pathogen
a microorganism that causes disease
what color is plasma
a yellow fluid
what does plasma do
Plasma carries the substances in your blood
what substances does plasma carry
white blood cells, red blood cells and plateles
what is urea
Urea is a waste product which is transported from the liver where it is produced to the kidneys where it is removed in urine
what does plasma transport
carbon dioixde, glucos, amino acids, urea & hormones
give an adaptation of red blood cells
biconcave shape to give a large surface area
give another adaptation of red blood cells
contain haemoglobin
give another adaptation of red blood cells
no nucleus
what do phagocytes do
phagocytes lets thing that are forbidden in the body such as pathogens
what do lymphocytes do
lymphocytes destroy specific pathogens, by recognisizing antigens
what do lymphocytes produce
they produce anti bodies
how many septums is the heart devided into
two diffrent septums
what does the right side of the heart do
the right side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs
what type of blood passes through the right side of the heart
deoxygenated
what do the left side of the heart do
the left side of the heart pumps blood into the body
what type of blood passing through the left side of the heart is
oxygenated
what wall is thicker the left or right side
left side
what does the aorta do
delvers oxygentated blood to the whole body. carries the blood at high preassures
what does the pulmonary artery do
it takes deoxygentaed blood to the lungs
vena cava
bring back deoxygenated blood from the body
pulmonary vein
the pulmonary vein brings back oxygenated from the lungs
why does the the left ventricle have thicker walls
it needs more muscle because it has to pump blood around the whole body
where does the vena cave take blood to
body to heart
where does the aorta take blood to
heart to body
where does the pulmonary artery take blood to
heart to lungs
where does the hepatic artery take blood to
to the liver
where does the hepatic vein take blood to
away from the liver
where does the hepatic portal vein take blood to
gut to liver
where does the renal artery take blood to
to the kidneys
where does the renal vien take blood to
from kidneys
give 3 types of blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
what do the arteries do
carry blood away from heart
what do viens do
carry blood back to heart
what do capillaries do
where exchange of materials between blood/tissues occur
do arteries have thick or thin walls
arteries have thick muscular walls
why do they have thick muscular walls
this is because they need to transport blood at high pressures around the body
what type of walls do veins have
thin walls
and what type of lumen
wider lumen
why do veins have valves
veins have valved to prevent the backflow of blood
describe capillaries
capillaries are much smalled they carry blood lose to every cell
what happens during exercise
during excercise muscles require more energy, more respiration and most importantly more oxygen is requiered and co2 needs to be removed
what is adrenaline
Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands when an organism feels threatened.
what is a hormone
a hormone is a chemical produced by a gland which travels in the blood
how to measure your heart rate
place finger on neck or wrist and count the number of beats in 1 minute
what is CHD
CHD is short for coronary heart disease
when does CHD occur
CHD occurs when the coronary arteries which supply the heart with oxygenated blood gets blocked
how is CHD caused
its cause by a build up of fatty deposits in the arteries
What happens to the arteries when you have CHD
this causes the arteries to become narrower
what factors may cause CHD
A risk factor includes smoking, lack of excercise and a diet high in fat
what does a build up of fatty deposits mean
a build of fatty deposits means that the heart muscle recieves less blood, therefore less oxygen.
what heppens when you recieve less oxygen
when the heart musscles recieve less oxygen it redueces aerobic respiration so muscle cells have to respire anaerobically
how can CHD be treated
CHD gets treated with stents, which open up the coronary arteries
what happens to babies born with a hole in the heart (septum)
this means oxygenated blood from the left side and deoxygenated blood can mic meaning less oxygen will be transported around the babies body, it automatically leads to less respiration, so less energy available for growth. it could also mean that the cells would die
give 3 excretory products
urea, carbon dioxide, and waste products in sweat
what organs remove urea, carbon dioxide, and waste products in sweat
kidneys, lungs, skin
what is urea
urea is a waste product from excess amino acids
where is urea produced
in the liver
what is the excretory organ for urea
kidneys
what is carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide is an excretory product from respiration
where is carbon dioxide produced in cells
carbon dioxide is produced in cells and are transported to the lungs in the plasma in th e
blood
what is the excretory organ for carbon dioxide
the lungs
how is the skin an excretory organ
The skin is an excretory organ because when we sweat our skin removes products which is mainly water
what can sweat do
Sweat can also help us cool down when we are hot, we sweat more which evaporated from the skin
where are waste products from respiration and photosynthesis removed from?
through the stomata
