Blood and Lymph

Question 1

3 connective tissue categories

Answer 1

connective tissue proper (loose and dense). fluid connective tissues (blood and lymph). supporting connective tissues (cartilage and bone)

Question 2

blood: composed of? matrix?

Answer 2

blood cells and plasma. plasma forms fluid matrix.

Question 3

lymph: composed of? fluid?

Answer 3

lymphocytes and lymph fluid. lymph fluid is a dilute solution of proteins and excess interstitial fluid

Question 4

blood: 3 purposes?

Answer 4

distributes nutrients, oxygen and hormones to body cells. carries metabolic wastes away fro cells and to kidneys for excretion. transports specialized cells that provide protection against infection and disease

Question 5

blood: volume? pH? temperature?

Answer 5

5-6L in average male. 4-5 average female. 7.35 - 7.45. 38C

Question 6

formed elements in blood: 3 parts?

Answer 6

red blood cells (99%). WBCs. platelets.

Question 7

5 WBCs and what they do

Answer 7

neutrophils = destroy bacteria. eosinophils = anti inflammatory and allergic response. basophils = inflammatory response. monocytes = macrophages. lymphocytes = immune response

Question 8

RBCs: shape? why?

Answer 8

biconcave disc shaped cells: provides strength and flexibility. increases surface area so increases diffusion b/w inside and outside of cell. can stack as rouleaux

Question 9

RBCs: intracellular structures? why?

Answer 9

are ejected from cell during development: not needed for main purpose of gas transport, ensures the cell doesn’t consume the O2 it’s carrying, but also means no repair mechanism for cell

Question 10

RBC: cytoplasm components

Answer 10

water = 66%. proteins = 33%, mostly hemoglobin

Question 11

leukocytes: two main types? where are they found?

Answer 11

granular and agranular. small fraction in circulating blood, most in peripheral tissues

Question 12

leukopenia? leukocytosis?

Answer 12

low WBC. high WBC.

Question 13

WBC lifespan

Answer 13

a few days

Question 14

types of endothelial cell arrangements

Answer 14

continuous: arterial. fenestrated = venous. discontinuous = lymphatic

Question 15

which leukocytes are granular vs agranula

Answer 15

granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 16

neutrophils: mobility? function? lifespan?

Answer 16

very mobile, usually first to arrive at site. active phagocytes. short life span ~12 hours

Question 17

eosinophils: function?

Answer 17

phagocytic. numbers increase during allergic/infection. release enzymes that reduce inflammation, control spread to adjacent tissues

Question 18

basophils: function?

Answer 18

rare, leave capillary and enter interstitial fluid and release histamine and heparin to dilate blood vessels and prevent clotting = increase permeability = increase inflammation response