Blood and Lymph 2

Question 1

monocytes: what? arrive when? do what?

Answer 1

highly mobile phagocytic cells. arrive at site shortly after neutrophils. release chemicals to attract other phagocytes, and fibroblasts (to make collagenous scar tissue)

Question 2

lymphocytes: what type of immunity? 3 cell types

Answer 2

specific aka adaptive: will target specific antigens. T cells, B cells and NK cells.

Question 3

platelets come from? found where?

Answer 3

megakaryocytes in bone marrow. 1/3 in spleen and other vascular organs, otherwise in blood

Question 4

platelets: are what?

Answer 4

membrane bound enzyme packets that pinch off from cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte

Question 5

body fluids: two categories?

Answer 5

intracellular (cytoplasm, nucleoplasm). extracellular: blood plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 6

lymphatic system: 3 roles

Answer 6

produce/maintain/distribute lymphocytes. assist with maintaining normal blood volume. alternate route of transport of hormones, nutrients and metabolic waste

Question 7

how does lymphatic system help maintain normal blood volume

Answer 7

vascular pressure forces water/solutes across capillary membrane into interstitial fluid, and lymph vessels return that fluid to the vasculature

Question 8

lymph flow vs. blood flow

Answer 8

blood: actively pumped through vessels by heart. lymph: flows passively along pressure gradient, no pump.

Question 9

lymphatic vessels: thickness? pressure? backflow?

Answer 9

vessels are very thin: system under super low pressure. lots of valves to prevent backflow

Question 10

interstitial fluid: called ___when it enters ___? majority of cells are?

Answer 10

called lymph when it enters the lymphatic vessels. 99% cells are lymphocytes. 1% macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 11

lymphocytes: primary aka ___ structures do what? secondary aka __structures do what?

Answer 11

central: produce, maintain and store lymphocytes. peripheral:where most immune responses are initiated

Question 12

primary central structures for lymphocytes: contain? lymphoid organs include?

Answer 12

contain stem cells to generate B, T and NK cells. bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen

Question 13

largest lymphoid organ is the? function?

Answer 13

spleen: filters blood (removes abnormal blood cells by phagocytosis). stores iron recycled from metabolized RBCs. initiates immune response by B/T cells

Question 14

lymph nodes: what? structure?

Answer 14

oval lymphoid organs from 1 - 25 mm in diameter. lots of afferent vessels penetrating a fibrous capsule, and a single efferent vessel exiting

Question 15

lymph nodes: what do they do? where cells are located?

Answer 15

filter the lymph, remove 99% or more of antigens. T cells in cortex while B cells and macrophages are in the medulla

Question 16

lymphoid tissue: what? two types?

Answer 16

connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes. can be diffuse, or nodules

Question 17

diffuse lymphoid tissue: where

Answer 17

mucous membranes of respiratory and urinary tracts

Question 18

lymphoid tissue nodules: what? where?

Answer 18

oval shaped aggregations of densley packed lymphocytes. mucosa of digestive tract like in tonsils, lining of small intestine aka peyer’s patches and appendix