Blood And Immunity

Question 1

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 1

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

Question 2

Antibiotic

Answer 2

Chemicals that kill bacteria that are produced by microbes like fungi

Question 3

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 3

When DNA in a bacteria cell mutilates giving it the ability to escape the effect of antibiotics

Question 4

Antibody

Answer 4

Proteins that are produced by white blood cells

They either break open or immobilise invading cells

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

A foreign substance which causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

A pathogen that feeds on other cells and releases poisons or toxins that make us ill.

Causes diseases such as food poisoning and cholera

Question 7

Blood clot

Answer 7

Formed by platelets

Stops the body from having excess bleeding

Question 8

The role of plasma ?

Answer 8

Transporting carbon dioxide
Digested food
Urea
Hormones
Heat energy

Question 9

Adaptions of red blood cells for the transport of oxygen?

Answer 9

Small- can pass through narrow capillaries

Bi-concave disc shape-large surface area-oxygen absorbed and released rapidly

Contains haemoglobin- absorbs oxygen in lungs and release in the rest of the body

No nucleus- more space for haemoglobin

Question 10

Types of pathogens?

Answer 10

Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctists
Viruses

Question 11

Why do we have blood?

Answer 11

To transport substances around the body

Protection against disease by white blood cells

Control of the body-hormones in the blood that control the way our cells work

Heat, water and salts are carried all through the body

Question 12

What is plasma?

Answer 12

Pale yellow liquid

Transports dissolved food molecules, carbon dioxide, urea and all the blood cells

55% of blood volume

Up to 95% water

Transports heat

Question 13

Where are red blood cells produced/destroyed?

Answer 13

Produced in bone marrow

Get broken down in liver after three months

Question 14

What are white blood cells?

Answer 14

Important part of immune system

Produce antibodies that destroy harmful microorganisms

Made in bone marrow

Destroy bacteria

1% of blood

Ingest pathogens and destroy them

1000 red blood cells:1 white blood cell

Question 15

What are platelets?

Answer 15

Clump together to form clots

Protect the body from excessive bleeding

No nucleus

Only found in mammals

Haemophilia-dont have enough platelets-little cuts can be dangerous

Question 16

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 16

Found in red blood cells

Carries oxygen from respiratory organs to the rest of the body

Releases it- aerobic respiration- energy

In mammals 35% of red blood cell

Can bind to up to 4 oxygen molecules

Contains iron

Protein

Haemoglobin and oxygen in oxyhemoglobin- lighter than just haemoglobin

Question 17

Why is it bad it there is Carbon monoxide in the air?

Answer 17

It binds to the haemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin so there is not as much room for oxygen so the body does not get enough
Blood goes bright orange

Question 18

What is anemia caused by?

Answer 18

Lack of iron in the diet

Question 19

Why is iron needed in the diet?

Answer 19

It helps produce new red blood cells

Good source is green veg

Question 20

Why are people with anemia pale and lack energy?

Answer 20

Don’t have many red blood cells to transport oxygen to the muscles for energy

Less red blood cells- paler blood

Question 21

What percentage of the blood is red blood cells?

Answer 21

45%

Question 22

How do phagocytes work?

Answer 22

Attracted to invading bacteria

The bacteria are surrounded by the cells cytoplasm

The bacteria are enclosed in a temporary vacuole

In the vacuole they are broken down by powerful enzymes

Question 23

How do lymphocytes work?

Answer 23

They attack bacteria using antibodies

Antibodies- proteins that attach to the surface of bacteria or virus- breaks open or immobilises cells by sticking them together

Each type of antibody is specific - attacks only one type of bacteria