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D1F U3 Histology > Blood And Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood And Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Protein involved in binding, transporting, releasing oxygen and CO2

A

Hemoglobin

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2
Q

Each hemoglobin protein binds ___ O2 molecules

A

4

4 iron-containing heme groups per hemoglobin

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3
Q

Leukocytes are sub classified into two general groups based on _______ and ______.

A

Specific granules

Shape of their nuclei

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4
Q

Leukocytes that contain specific granules and have multilobed nuclei

A

Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

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5
Q

Leukocytes that do NOT contain specific granules and have rounded nuclei

A

Mononuclear Agranulocytes

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6
Q

Most numerous leukocyte type?

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

First responder to infection (acute inflammatory response); phagocytose bacteria, accumulate as pus

Contain lysozyme and peroxides

A

Neutrophils

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8
Q

Parasite defense, allergies (release histaminase), chronic inflammation

A

Eosinophils

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9
Q

Least abundant leukocyte type?

A

Basophil

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10
Q

Regulate immune response to parasites, release vasoactive agents (histamine) for allergies

A

Basophils

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11
Q

Lymphocyte types

A

T Lymphocyte- mature in Thymus; cell-mediated immunity (adaptive)

B Lymphocytes- produce antiBodies; humoral immunity (adaptive)

Natural Killer (NK) cells- kill infected/malignant cells (innate)

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12
Q

Leukocytes that differentiate into macrophages (phagocytic thru antigen presentation)

A

Monocytes

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13
Q

Polymorphonuclear Granulocyte Types:

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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14
Q

Mononuclear Agranulocyte Types:

A
  • Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

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15
Q

Leukocyte prevalence order:

A 
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil

(Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)

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16
Q

Cells that form blood clots and repair tears in blood vessel walls

A

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

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17
Q

Thrombocytes (platelets) are derived from large cells within the bone marrow called _______

A

Megakaryocytes

18
Q

Process of blood cell production/maturation to maintain constant level of blood cell types

A

Hematopoiesis

19
Q

Embryonic Phases of Hematopoiesis:

A
  • Yolk-sac phase
  • Hepatic Phase
  • Bone marrow phase

(After birth- red bone marrow)

20
Q

______ Theory: all blood cells are derived from a common pluripotential stem cell: ________

A

Monophyletic

Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)

21
Q

In the bone marrow, descendants of the HSC can differentiate into 2 major colonies of multipotential progenitor cells:

A
  1. Common Myeloid Progenetor (CMP)

2. Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)

22
Q

Common Myeloid Progenitor -> (differentiates into…)

A
  1. Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte Progenitor

2. Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor -> (Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte)

23
Q

Common Lymphoid Progenitor ->

A

Pre-NK cell -> NK cell

Pre-T cell -> T cell

Pre-B cell -> B cell

24
Q

With development from Stem Cells to Precursor Cells, _____ decreases while ______ increases

A

Potentiality

Mitotic Activity

25
Q

Erythropoiesis Steps

A 
HSC -> CMP -> MEP -> ErP ->
Proerythroblast ->
Basophilic Erythroblast ->
Polychromatophilic Erythroblast ->
Orthochromatic Erythroblast ->
Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte (Reticulocyte) ->
Erythrocyte
26
Q

During Erythropoiesis, the cell’s RNA ___creases while Hemoglobin ____creases

A

RNA Decreases

Hemoglobin Increases

27
Q

Granulopoiesis steps

A

Myeloblast -> Promyelocyte -> Myelocyte -> Metamyelocyte -> (*band cell) -> Mature cell

28
Q

Megakaryocytes located near ____ within bone marrow; send off cytoplasmic extensions that break off as ______

A

Sinusoids

Platelets

29
Q

Bone marrow consists of ____ and ______

A

Sinusoids

Hematopoietic Cords

30
Q

Location of developing blood cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, mast cells, adipocytes in Bone Marrow

A

Hemotopoietic Cords

31
Q

Hematopoietic cord cells develop in _____ located near sinusoids

A

Clusters/Nests

32
Q

Ratio of hematopoietic cells to adipocytes

A

Bone Marrow Cellularity

100 - age plus/minus 10%

(Number of hematopoietic cells decrease with age)

33
Q

Blood is a ____ tissue

A

Connective

34
Q

Blood is composed of:

A
  1. Formed Elements
    - Cells (RBC, WBC)
    - Cell fragments (platelets)
  2. Plasma- protein-rich, fluid ECM
35
Q

Volume of packed RBC in a sample of blood

A

Hematocrit

36
Q

Blood Distribution:
RBC ___ %
Plasma ___%
WBC and Platelets ___%

A

RBC 45%
Plasma 55%
Leukocytes/Platelets 1%

37
Q

Plasma Components:

A
  • Water (>90%)
  • Plasma Proteins (7-8%)
  • Other Solutes (1-2%)
38
Q

Primary plasma proteins:

A
  1. Albumin- half of proteins, made in liver, carrier protein
  2. Globulins- Immuniglobulins (gamma) and Nonimmune Globulins (alpha/beta)
  3. Fibrinogen- made in liver; blood clot formation
39
Q

A _____ is when a drop of blood is placed directly on a slide and stained with _____ stain.

A

Blood Smear

Wright’s stain

40
Q

Erythrocytes:

  • Anucleate cells devoid of organelles
  • Biconcave discs with a diameter of ___
  • Shape is relatively constant so it makes for a great “____”
  • Life span is _____
A

7.8 microm

Histologic ruler

120 days

D1F U3 Histology (6 decks)

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