Blood And Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Protein involved in binding, transporting, releasing oxygen and CO2

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

Each hemoglobin protein binds ___ O2 molecules

Answer 2

4

4 iron-containing heme groups per hemoglobin

Question 3

Leukocytes are sub classified into two general groups based on _______ and ______.

Answer 3

Specific granules

Shape of their nuclei

Question 4

Leukocytes that contain specific granules and have multilobed nuclei

Answer 4

Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes

Question 5

Leukocytes that do NOT contain specific granules and have rounded nuclei

Answer 5

Mononuclear Agranulocytes

Question 6

Most numerous leukocyte type?

Answer 6

Neutrophils

Question 7

First responder to infection (acute inflammatory response); phagocytose bacteria, accumulate as pus

Contain lysozyme and peroxides

Answer 7

Neutrophils

Question 8

Parasite defense, allergies (release histaminase), chronic inflammation

Answer 8

Eosinophils

Question 9

Least abundant leukocyte type?

Answer 9

Basophil

Question 10

Regulate immune response to parasites, release vasoactive agents (histamine) for allergies

Answer 10

Basophils

Question 11

Lymphocyte types

Answer 11

T Lymphocyte- mature in Thymus; cell-mediated immunity (adaptive)

B Lymphocytes- produce antiBodies; humoral immunity (adaptive)

Natural Killer (NK) cells- kill infected/malignant cells (innate)

Question 12

Leukocytes that differentiate into macrophages (phagocytic thru antigen presentation)

Answer 12

Monocytes

Question 13

Polymorphonuclear Granulocyte Types:

Answer 13

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 14

Mononuclear Agranulocyte Types:

Answer 14

• Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

Question 15

Leukocyte prevalence order:

Answer 15

Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil

(Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)

Question 16

Cells that form blood clots and repair tears in blood vessel walls

Answer 16

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Question 17

Thrombocytes (platelets) are derived from large cells within the bone marrow called _______

Answer 17

Megakaryocytes

Question 18

Process of blood cell production/maturation to maintain constant level of blood cell types

Answer 18

Hematopoiesis

Question 19

Embryonic Phases of Hematopoiesis:

Answer 19

• Yolk-sac phase
• Hepatic Phase
• Bone marrow phase

(After birth- red bone marrow)

Question 20

______ Theory: all blood cells are derived from a common pluripotential stem cell: ________

Answer 20

Monophyletic

Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)

Question 21

In the bone marrow, descendants of the HSC can differentiate into 2 major colonies of multipotential progenitor cells:

Answer 21

1. Common Myeloid Progenetor (CMP)

2. Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)

Question 22

Common Myeloid Progenitor -> (differentiates into…)

Answer 22

1. Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte Progenitor

2. Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor -> (Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte)

Question 23

Common Lymphoid Progenitor ->

Answer 23

Pre-NK cell -> NK cell

Pre-T cell -> T cell

Pre-B cell -> B cell

Question 24

With development from Stem Cells to Precursor Cells, _____ decreases while ______ increases

Answer 24

Potentiality

Mitotic Activity

Question 25

Erythropoiesis Steps

Answer 25

``` HSC -> CMP -> MEP -> ErP -> Proerythroblast -> Basophilic Erythroblast -> Polychromatophilic Erythroblast -> Orthochromatic Erythroblast -> Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte (Reticulocyte) -> Erythrocyte ```

Question 26

During Erythropoiesis, the cell's RNA ___creases while Hemoglobin ____creases

Answer 26

RNA Decreases Hemoglobin Increases

Question 27

Granulopoiesis steps

Answer 27

Myeloblast -> Promyelocyte -> Myelocyte -> Metamyelocyte -> (*band cell) -> Mature cell

Question 28

Megakaryocytes located near ____ within bone marrow; send off cytoplasmic extensions that break off as ______

Answer 28

Sinusoids Platelets

Question 29

Bone marrow consists of ____ and ______

Answer 29

Sinusoids Hematopoietic Cords

Question 30

Location of developing blood cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, mast cells, adipocytes in Bone Marrow

Answer 30

Hemotopoietic Cords

Question 31

Hematopoietic cord cells develop in _____ located near sinusoids

Answer 31

Clusters/Nests

Question 32

Ratio of hematopoietic cells to adipocytes

Answer 32

Bone Marrow Cellularity 100 - age plus/minus 10% (Number of hematopoietic cells decrease with age)

Question 33

Blood is a ____ tissue

Answer 33

Connective

Question 34

Blood is composed of:

Answer 34

1. Formed Elements - Cells (RBC, WBC) - Cell fragments (platelets) 2. Plasma- protein-rich, fluid ECM

Question 35

Volume of packed RBC in a sample of blood

Answer 35

Hematocrit

Question 36

Blood Distribution: RBC ___ % Plasma ___% WBC and Platelets ___%

Answer 36

RBC 45% Plasma 55% Leukocytes/Platelets 1%

Question 37

Plasma Components:

Answer 37

- Water (>90%) - Plasma Proteins (7-8%) - Other Solutes (1-2%)

Question 38

Primary plasma proteins:

Answer 38

1. Albumin- half of proteins, made in liver, carrier protein 2. Globulins- Immuniglobulins (gamma) and Nonimmune Globulins (alpha/beta) 3. Fibrinogen- made in liver; blood clot formation

Question 39

A _____ is when a drop of blood is placed directly on a slide and stained with _____ stain.

Answer 39

Blood Smear Wright's stain

Question 40

Erythrocytes: - Anucleate cells devoid of organelles - Biconcave discs with a diameter of ___ - Shape is relatively constant so it makes for a great "____" - Life span is _____

Answer 40

7.8 microm Histologic ruler 120 days