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Molecules To Organs > Blood and Erythropoiesis > Flashcards

Blood and Erythropoiesis Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of granulocytes

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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2
Q

Identification of neutrophil

A
  • 2-5 lobes, connected by thin strands
  • poorly staining with small granules
  • pebbly cytoplasm
  • highly phagocytic (created pus)
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3
Q

Abundance of leukocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils (50-70%)
  2. Leukocytes (25-28%)
  3. Monocytes (6-8%)
  4. Eosinophils (1.5-5%)
  5. Basophils (0.1-0.5%)
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4
Q

Platelet features

A
  • from megakaryocytes

- clear outer hyalomere with basophilic stippling

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5
Q

Eosinophil appearance/characteristics

A
  • 2-3 lobes
  • big eosinophilic granules
  • heterochromatic, bilobed nucleus
  • distinct crystalloid visible [MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN]
  • antiparasitic
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6
Q

Basophil

A
  • 2 poorly defined lobes
  • large, dark purple granules that obscure the nuclear outline
  • degranulated when activated
  • increase permeability of small blood vessels
  • derived from bone marrow
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7
Q

Agranulocytes

A
  • monocytes

- lymphocytes

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8
Q

Monocyte characteristics

A
  • lacey chromatin
  • largest WBC
  • gives rise to: CT macrophages, osteoclasts, alveolar macrophages, Kupffer cells
  • U shaped nucleus
  • large, pale vacuoles by LM
  • well developed Golgi by EM
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9
Q

Macrophage characteristics

A
  • larger and more irregularly shaped than monocytes
  • pale cells with euchromatic nucleus and lots of phagocytosed material in cytoplasm
  • many phagosomes, active plasma membrane, many secondary lysosomes
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10
Q

Lymphocyte characteristics

A
  • inactive: small; round/kidney bean nucleus, highly heterochromatic and marginated along nuclear membrane
    • size of erythrocyte
  • active: large, more euchromatic with SMUDGED chromatin pattern
    • B cells, T cells, NK cells
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11
Q

Plasma cells

A
  • very basophilic with abundant cytoplasm
  • golgi is a pale region near nucleus
  • eccentric and very heterochromatic nucleus
  • clockface appearance of DNA
  • Russel body cell
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12
Q

Russel body cell

A

Antibody concentrated in swollen RER cisternae

-found in plasma cells

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13
Q

Mature RBC development

A
  1. Proerythroblast
  2. Basophilic erythroblast
  3. Polychromatophilic erythroblast
  4. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast
  5. Reticulocyte
  6. Erythrocyte
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14
Q

Vascular compartment

A

-sinusoids lined with leaky, flat epithelial cells

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15
Q

Hematopoietic component

A

Reticular/adventitial cells and macrophages

-lipid in yellow marrow

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16
Q

Pluripotential stem cells/hematopoietic stem cells

A

Look like lymphocytes with small, round, basophilic cytoplasm
-1 daughter cells stays a stem cell and the other differentiates

17
Q

Monophyletic theory

A

1 daughter cells stays a stem cell and the other differentiates

18
Q

Proerythroblasts

A

1

-moderately basophilic cytoplasm b/c of free ribosomes

19
Q

Basophilic erythroblast

A

2

  • basophilic cytoplasm (polyribosomes)
  • royal blue cytoplasm
  • may have pale cytocentrum and small number of azurophilic granules
20
Q

Polychromatophilic erythroblasts

A

3

  • purple and pink cytoplasm (polyribosomes and hemoglobin)
  • no nucleolus but condensed chromatin
  • checkerboard pattern
  • last mitotic stage
21
Q

Orthochromatophilic erythroblast

A

4 (normoblast)

  • eosinophilic cytoplasm (lots of hemoglobin)
  • very few mitochondria and polyribosomes
  • compact nucleus
  • can see nucleus pushing out in late stages
22
Q

Reticulocyte

A
  • no nucleus

- some ribosomes present that can be seen by brilliant cresyl blue stain

23
Q

Erythrocyte

A
  • can no longer transport iron, glucose, and AA

- No nucleus or cytoplasmic organelles

24
Q

Hematopoiesis before birth

A
  1. Yolk sac: nucleated RBCs formed in blood islands
  2. Liver: anucleate RBCs formed
    (Bone marrow after birth)
25
Q

What makes proerythroblasts?

A

Erythrocyte colony forming unity (CFU-E) is clustered around macrophages, which produce cytokines for differentiation

 - supply iron and phagocytose extended nuclei - need erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-4

Molecules To Organs (5 decks)

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