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Anatomy and Physiology > Blood and Circulatory System > Flashcards

Blood and Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective

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2
Q

3 main cell types in blood

A

RBC, WBC, Platelets

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3
Q

RBCs are also known as

A

Erythrocytes

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4
Q

WBCs are also known as

A

Leukocytes

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5
Q

Platelets are also known as

A

Thrombocytes

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6
Q

Composition of plasma

A

Water, ions, proteins, nutrients, wastes, gases

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7
Q

Blood is _____% plasma

A

55%

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8
Q

Blood is _____% buffy coat

A

~1%

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9
Q

Blood is _____% RBCs

A

45%

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10
Q

Buffy coat is made of

A

WBCs and platelets

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11
Q

Normal hematocrit in women

A

37-47%

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12
Q

Normal hematocrit in men

A

42-52%

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13
Q

RBCs are anucleate/nucleate

A

anucleate

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14
Q

RBC shape

A

Biconcave

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15
Q

Do RBCs have organelles?

A

No

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16
Q

RBCs have a ________ cell membrane

A

flexible

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17
Q

RBC’s primary component is _____________

A

hemoglobin

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18
Q

RBCs last ________ days

A

100-120

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19
Q

Polycythemia

A

High level of RBCs

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20
Q

Hemoglobin structure

A

4 polypeptide chains with heme pigment on each one with a central iron atom (250 million per RBC)

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21
Q

Erythropoesis rate

A

2-3 million/second

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22
Q

Dead RBCs are used for ________

A

bile

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23
Q

When hypoxia occurs, the ___________/_____________ release _____________, stimulating bone marrow to increase RBC count

A

kidney/liver, erythropoetin

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24
Q

WBCs are nucleate/anucleate

A

nucleate

25
Q

Granulocytes

A

Have granules in cytoplasm

26
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Don’t have granules in cytoplasm

27
Q

Neutrophils percentage

A

50-70%

28
Q

Lymphocytes percentage

A

25-45%

29
Q

Monocytes percentage

A

3-8%

30
Q

Eosinophils Percentage

A

2-4%

31
Q

Basophils Percentage

A

.5-1%

32
Q

Eosinophils work by _____________

A

destroying bacteria through phagocytosis

33
Q

Lymphocytes work by __________________

A

Mounting immune response w/ direct attack/antibodies, have a dark nucleus

34
Q

Monocytes work by ________________

A

Developing into macrophages through phagocytosis

35
Q

Eosinophils work by ________________

A

Turning off allergic responses and killing parasites

36
Q

Basophils work by _________________

A

Release histamines and anti-inflammatory mediators

37
Q

Antigens

A

Antibody generating protein

38
Q

There are _____ clotting factors

A

13

39
Q

Hemophilia

A

Lack of clotting factor

40
Q

Some clotting factors

A

Prothrombin, Fibrinogen

41
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins (blood pressure), globulins (tansport lipids and antibodies), fibrinogen (blood clotting)

42
Q

Hemostasis

A

Process of stopping bleeding, vasoconstriction, platelet plug, coagulation, plug forming

43
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot

44
Q

Embolus

A

Moving blood clot

45
Q

Agglutination

A

Antigen that stimulates priduction of agglutination (antibody)

46
Q

Pericardium

A

Double walled sac surrounding heart

47
Q

Superficial pericardium

A

Protects, anchors to surrounding structures, prevents overfilling

48
Q

Deep pericardium

A

2 layers, parietal lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
Visceral layer (epicardium) on external surface
Seperated by fluid filled pericardial cavity

49
Q

Septum names

A

Intraarterial and interventricular

50
Q

Semilunar valve

A

-\ /- shape

51
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

Prevents backflow of blood into atria

52
Q

Chardae tendinae

A

Anchors cusps to papillary muscles, holds valves closed

53
Q

Layers, outer to inner

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

54
Q

Fascicle

A

Ribbon shaped muscle covering the heart

55
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Pressure against artery walls during heart beat

56
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Pressure between heart beats

57
Q

Are atria or ventricles associated w/ blood pressure?

A

Ventricles

58
Q

Lumen

A

Width of artery

59
Q

High blood pressure and clots

A

Higher blood pressure= Higher risk of clots

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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