Blood and Cardiovascular

Question 1

Platelets are pieces of what bigger cells?

Answer 1

Megakaryocyte

Question 2

What is preload?

Answer 2

How much pressure is in the ventricles before blood is sent out to circulation

Question 3

What is afterload?

Answer 3

Amount of resistance the heart must overcome to push the aortic valve and allow blood into circulation

Question 4

What are 3 factors associated with stroke volume?

Answer 4

Preload, afterload, systemic vascular resistance

Question 5

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 5

Heart rate * stroke volume

Question 6

What does preload give an indicator of?

Answer 6

Diastolic volume

Question 7

What is diastole?

Answer 7

Relaxation of the ventricules

Question 8

What is systole?

Answer 8

Contraction of ventricles

Question 9

What does afterload give an indicator of?

Answer 9

Inotropy

Question 10

What is the main circulating blood protein?

Answer 10

Albumin

Question 11

What do the subclavian arteries supply blood to and what do they branch off of?

Answer 11

Supplies blood to thorax, head, neck, shoulder, arms.

Branches off of aortic arch on the left, brachiocephalic trunk on the right

Question 12

What do the carotid arteries supply blood to? Where is it located?

Answer 12

Brain, neck and face.

Either side of the neck

Question 13

What is the main artery?

Answer 13

Aorta

Question 14

What is the largest vein?

Answer 14

Vena cava

Question 15

Blood comes from the caudal and cranial vena cava into which chamber of the right?

Answer 15

Right atrium

Question 16

What is the blood flow through the 4 chambered heart?

Answer 16

Right atrium, tricuspid valve (RAV, RSLV(), right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral (bicuspid) valve, left ventricle, aortic valve

Question 17

Where does the cranial vena cava drain into?

Answer 17

From systemic circulation from in front of the diaphragm to the Right atrium

Question 18

Where does the caudal vena cava drain into?

Answer 18

From Systemic circulation from behind the diaphragm into the Right atrium

Question 19

What does the coronary artery supply blood to?

Answer 19

The heart muscle

Question 20

Where does the azygous vein carry blood?

Answer 20

Transports deoxygenated blood from the dorsal thorax and abdomen into the cranial vena cava

Question 21

Right and left common carotid arteries supply blood to where?

Answer 21

The neck, face and brain

Question 22

What is the largest face artery supplying blood to the brain?

Answer 22

Maxillary artery

Question 23

What artery supplies the forebrain, midbrain and rostral cerebellum?

Answer 23

Circle of Willis

Question 24

What does the jugular vein supply?

Answer 24

Neck, face and chest

Question 25

Femoral arteries supply blood to where?

Answer 25

Hind legs and feet

Question 26

Saphenous veins drain blood from where?

Answer 26

Hind legs and feet

Question 27

What vein drains the liver?

Answer 27

Hepatic vein

Question 28

Portal veins drains blood to liver from what organs?

Answer 28

Spleen and GI tract

Question 29

What blood vessels are on either side of the spine?

Answer 29

Right and left ventral internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 30

The internal Iliac artery and vein supplies/drains blood from where?

Answer 30

Pelvis, pelvic organs, reproductive organs, medial thigh

Question 31

What vessels connect veins and arteries, and where gas exchange of the blood takes place?

Answer 31

Capillaries

Question 32

What is the right AV valve called?

Answer 32

Tricuspid valve

Question 33

What do the chordae tendonae do?

Answer 33

Help open and close the heart valves

Question 34

What is the left AV valve called?

Answer 34

Bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 35

What is the right semilunar valve called?

Answer 35

Pulmonary valve

Question 36

What is the left semilunar valve called?

Answer 36

Aortic valve

Question 37

Coronary veins join together in the heart to make the coronary sinus, which drains where?

Answer 37

Into the right atrium

Question 38

The SA node is located where?

Answer 38

In the right atrium

Question 39

What are the 3 common venipuncture sites for cats?

Answer 39

Jugular, medial femoral, cephalic

Question 40

What are the 3 common venipuncture sites for dogs?

Answer 40

Jugular, lateral saphenous, cephalic

Question 41

What component in the blood contains iron which carries oxygen?

Answer 41

Hemoglobin

Question 42

What hormone triggers erythropoiesis?

Answer 42

Glucose

Question 43

What are the 5 main WBC?

Answer 43

Lymphocytes, Neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil

Question 44

Blood storage occurs in which part of the spleen?

Answer 44

Red pulp

Question 45

Lymph vessels join and empty lymph into the vena cava via the:

Answer 45

Thoracic duct

Question 46

Lymph formed in the GI tract is called what?

Answer 46

Chyle

Question 47

What are the 4 main organs of the lymphatic system?

Answer 47

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, GALT

Question 48

What kind of cells line the heart?

Answer 48

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 49

Which protein is important in keeping oncotic pressure in the blood vessels?

Answer 49

Albumin

Question 50

What is inotropy?

Answer 50

Strength of contraction

Question 51

What is the normal blood pressure of dogs and cats?

Answer 51

Systolic: 90-150 mm Hg Diastolic: 60-90 mm Hg

Question 52

How much blood do the ventricles push out during each contraction normally?

Answer 52

50-60%

Question 53

Where is the fat covering the heart?

Answer 53

Along the atrioventricular septum

Question 54

What happens during a heart attack?

Answer 54

Blood clot goes out the aorta and into the coronary arteries and blocks blood flow to the heart

Question 55

When the myocardium is injured, what needs to be kept in mind?

Answer 55

Scarring will form, and too much scarring can hamper muscle contraction

Question 56

What are the 2 large arteries coming off the ascending aorta?

Answer 56

Brachiocephalic and left subclavian artery

Question 57

What 3 electrolytes play a role in cardiac conduction?

Answer 57

Sodium, calcium and potassium

Question 58

Describe the AV node, bundle of His and Purkinje fibers.

Answer 58

The AV node is located in the R atrium, which branches across the AV septum as the Bundle of His, down around the ventricles, at which point it's the Purkinje fibers.

Question 59

Where does the electrical contraction begin?

Answer 59

Right atrium

Question 60

What kind of inner layer do all vessels have?

Answer 60

Simple squamous epithelium, continuous with the endothelium lining the heart

Question 61

What is the outer layer of blood vessels composed of? What do those help do?

Answer 61

Collagen fibers and connective tissue | Prevents vessel walls from tearing, allows flexibility, anchors vessels, keep lumen open.

Question 62

The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from and to where?

Answer 62

From the placenta to the fetus

Question 63

The foramen ovale in a fetus allows what, and where is it located?

Answer 63

Allows blood to bypass the lungs, flowing from the right atrium directly into the left atrium. Some does flow into the bicuspid valve and into the pulmonary artery. Located between the atria.

Question 64

Blood from the pulmonary artery can flow into the ductus arteriosus in a fetus and drains into where?

Answer 64

The aorta

Question 65

Deoxygenated blood travels back to the placenta via:

Answer 65

The umbilical artery

Question 66

What is the P wave?

Answer 66

depolarization of the R atrium

Question 67

What is the QRS complex?

Answer 67

Ventricular depolarization

Question 68

What is the T wave?

Answer 68

Ventricular repolarization

Question 69

What's the difference between pulse and heart rate?

Answer 69

Pulse is the rate of stretching and recoiling of the elastic fibers in an artery as blood passes through it. Heart rate is the speed of contractions of the heart measured in beats.