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P&A II final > Blood and blood products > Flashcards

Blood and blood products Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of blood which may be filtered out of whole blood to be transfused?

A 
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Factor Concentrates (clotting factors)
Albumin
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2
Q

What are PRBCs?

A

Whole blood without the volume

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3
Q

For what would one be given PRBC?

A

Chronic anemia

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4
Q

What are WBCs?

A

Granulocytes?

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5
Q

For what would one be given WBCs?

A

To fight infections

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6
Q

What are platelets?

A

Protein for clotting

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7
Q

For what would one be given platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

What are factor concentrates?

A

Cryoprecipitate (fibrinogen, vWF, factor VIII and IX)

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9
Q

For what would one be given factor concentrates?

A

Factor VIII deficiency (low platelets with active bleeding)

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10
Q

What is FFP?

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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11
Q

For what would one be given FFP?

A

Active bleeding
(Requires ABO compatibility)
Frequently seen in people getting multiple units of PRBC

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12
Q

What is albumin?

A

Plasma protein

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13
Q

For what would one be given albumin?

A

To retore intravascular volume

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14
Q

What antigens and antibodies are present in each type of blood

A

A - A antigen, anti-B antibodies
AB - A and B antigen, no A or B antibodies
O - no antigen, anti-A and anti-B antibodies

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15
Q

What is the Rh factor?

A

D antigen on the surface of the erythrocyte
Positive = D antigen present
Negative = D antigen absent

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16
Q

What to anti-D antibodies form?

A

Only when Rh negative blood is exposed to Rh positive cells

Leads to agglutination

17
Q

What is given and when to prevent clotting from D-factor?

A

RhoGAM during 28th week of pregnancy

Given is mother is D- and father is D+

18
Q

What is included in the blood product administration checklist?

A 
CONSENT
Order
History (have you received blood before? Did you have a reaction to it?)
2nd licensed personnel
Tubing/fluid/needle gauge
19
Q

How long is blood viable?

A

30 minutes upon being received on the unit

20
Q

How large should the bore be for a blood transfusion?

A

Larger than 20g

21
Q

What is the process of hanging blood?

A

Hang with saline
Set up the blood
Stay with pt for the first 15 min, doing vitals every 5 min
Proceed to take vitals every 15 min until the first hour is complete, then every hour until the blood is taken down

22
Q

How long is type and screen blood viable for?

A

3 hours because it will clot

23
Q

What are 6 transfusion reactions/complications?

A 
Febrile Reaction
Allergic Reaction
Hemolytic reaction
Transfusion-Related Lung Injury
Circulatory Overload
Septic Reactions
24
Q

What are symptoms of a febrile reaction?

A

Fever
Chills
Headache
Malaise

25
Q

How can you prevent a febrile reaction?

A

Administer antipyretics prior to blood administration

26
Q

What type of blood will a pt receive if they have a history of febrile reactions?

A

Leukocyte reduced blood

27
Q

What are symptoms of an allergic reaction to blood?

A

Flushing
Urticaria
Wheezing
Rash with itching

28
Q

How can you prevent an allergic reaction?

A

Administer antihistamine prior to blood administration

29
Q

What type of blood will a pt receive if they have a history of allergic reactions?

A

Washed RBCs or platelets

30
Q

What are symptoms of a hemolytic response to blood?

A 
Immediate facial flushing
Fever
Chills
Headache
*Lower back pain (resulting from lysed RBC trying to get filtered through kidneys)
Tachycardia
Dyspnea
Hypotension
Blood in urine
*Medical emergency
31
Q

What causes a hemolytic reaction?

A

Incompatible blood

Hemolysis and destruction of blood cells results in clumping and occlusion of capillaries

32
Q

What are symptoms of transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI)?

A 
Dyspnea
Hypotension
Fever
30 min-6 hours after transfusion
Diffuse chest infiltrates on x-ray
*Medical emergency*
33
Q

What is the #1 cause of patient death related to blood infusion?

A

TRALI

34
Q

Who experiences circulatory overload?

A

Older people

People with respiratory/cardiac issues

35
Q

How can you prevent a septic reaction?

A

Inspect blood when it comes up

Feel package with fingers and make sure nothing feels clumpy

36
Q

How should you respond if the patient experiences any adverse reaction?

A

Stop blood infusion
Maintain IV with normal saline
Notify provider/blood bank

P&A II final (6 decks)

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