Blood and blood products Flashcards by Ericka Berman

What are the components of blood which may be filtered out of whole blood to be transfused?

Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Factor Concentrates (clotting factors)
Albumin

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What are PRBCs?

Whole blood without the volume

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For what would one be given PRBC?

Chronic anemia

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What are WBCs?

Granulocytes?

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For what would one be given WBCs?

To fight infections

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What are platelets?

Protein for clotting

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For what would one be given platelets?

Thrombocytopenia

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What are factor concentrates?

Cryoprecipitate (fibrinogen, vWF, factor VIII and IX)

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For what would one be given factor concentrates?

Factor VIII deficiency (low platelets with active bleeding)

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What is FFP?

Fresh frozen plasma

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For what would one be given FFP?

Active bleeding
(Requires ABO compatibility)
Frequently seen in people getting multiple units of PRBC

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What is albumin?

Plasma protein

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For what would one be given albumin?

To retore intravascular volume

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What antigens and antibodies are present in each type of blood

A - A antigen, anti-B antibodies
AB - A and B antigen, no A or B antibodies
O - no antigen, anti-A and anti-B antibodies

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What is the Rh factor?

D antigen on the surface of the erythrocyte
Positive = D antigen present
Negative = D antigen absent

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What to anti-D antibodies form?

Only when Rh negative blood is exposed to Rh positive cells

Leads to agglutination

What is given and when to prevent clotting from D-factor?

RhoGAM during 28th week of pregnancy

Given is mother is D- and father is D+

What is included in the blood product administration checklist?

CONSENT
Order
History (have you received blood before? Did you have a reaction to it?)
2nd licensed personnel
Tubing/fluid/needle gauge

How long is blood viable?

30 minutes upon being received on the unit

How large should the bore be for a blood transfusion?

Larger than 20g

What is the process of hanging blood?

Hang with saline
Set up the blood
Stay with pt for the first 15 min, doing vitals every 5 min
Proceed to take vitals every 15 min until the first hour is complete, then every hour until the blood is taken down

How long is type and screen blood viable for?

3 hours because it will clot

What are 6 transfusion reactions/complications?

Febrile Reaction
Allergic Reaction
Hemolytic reaction
Transfusion-Related Lung Injury
Circulatory Overload
Septic Reactions

What are symptoms of a febrile reaction?

Fever
Chills
Headache
Malaise

How can you prevent a febrile reaction?

Administer antipyretics prior to blood administration

What type of blood will a pt receive if they have a history of febrile reactions?

Leukocyte reduced blood

What are symptoms of an allergic reaction to blood?

Flushing Urticaria Wheezing Rash with itching

How can you prevent an allergic reaction?

Administer antihistamine prior to blood administration

What type of blood will a pt receive if they have a history of allergic reactions?

Washed RBCs or platelets

What are symptoms of a hemolytic response to blood?

``` Immediate facial flushing Fever Chills Headache *Lower back pain (resulting from lysed RBC trying to get filtered through kidneys) Tachycardia Dyspnea Hypotension Blood in urine *Medical emergency ```

What causes a hemolytic reaction?

Incompatible blood | Hemolysis and destruction of blood cells results in clumping and occlusion of capillaries

What are symptoms of transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI)?

``` Dyspnea Hypotension Fever 30 min-6 hours after transfusion Diffuse chest infiltrates on x-ray *Medical emergency* ```

What is the #1 cause of patient death related to blood infusion?

TRALI

Who experiences circulatory overload?

Older people | People with respiratory/cardiac issues

How can you prevent a septic reaction?

Inspect blood when it comes up | Feel package with fingers and make sure nothing feels clumpy

How should you respond if the patient experiences any adverse reaction?

Stop blood infusion Maintain IV with normal saline Notify provider/blood bank