Blood analysis

Question 1

Why does a patient need to be starved 8-12 hours before a blood sample

Answer 1

to reduce the risk of the sample being lipaemic

Question 2

Equipment preparation

Answer 2

-cippers/scissors
-spirit and cotton wool
-sterile needle and syringe
-Blood tubes(patients details)
-Microscope slides
-pressure bandage materials

Question 3

needle sizes

Answer 3

Cat - 23 gauge x 5/8” (blue)
Dog - 21 gauge x 5/8” (green)
Rabbit- 23 or 25 gauge x 5/8” (Blue/Orange)
Exotic - 23 or 25 gauge x 5/8” (blue/orange)

Question 4

Blood Tube Orange

Answer 4

Anticoagulant - Lithium Heparin

Comments - Yields plasma for biochemistry analysis

Question 5

Blood Tube White

Answer 5

Anticoagulant - None/ plain/serum tube

comments - yields serum for biochem analysis. allows to clot, centrifuge, decant serum into new plain tube

Question 6

Blood Tube Pink/Red

Answer 6

Anticoagulant - EDTA

comments - for haematology analysers

Question 7

Blood Tube Yellow

Answer 7

Anticoagulant - Oxalate

comments - for glucose sampling

Question 8

Blood Tube Green

Answer 8

anticoagulant - Sodium Citrate

commets - for coagulation tests

Question 9

Blood Tube Brown

Answer 9

No anticoagulant - Gel barrier

comments - Yields Serum for biochem analysis. Allow to clot then centrifuge. Gel clot sits between clot and the serum to protect the serum

Question 10

Vacutainer

Answer 10

blood collection tube
e.g. sterile glass or plastic

-quick and easy to use and less chance of sample clotting
-cleaner and safer

• large animal medicine

Question 11

Venepuncture site Cat/Dog

Answer 11

-Jugular
-Cephalic
-Lateral/Medial saphenous

Question 12

Venepuncture site Rabbit/guinea pig

Answer 12

-Jugular
-Lateral marginal ear vein
rabbit(lateral saphenous)

Question 13

Haematology

Answer 13

Physical study of the cells and the fluid matrix

Question 14

Blood Smear

Answer 14

produces a thin layer of blood cells for microscopic examiantion

blood smear should have a feathered edge and be of equal thickness

staining
-romanowsky - detect blood parasites
-Supravital- methylene blue, perform reticulocyte

Question 15

Reticulocytes

Answer 15

red blood cells that are still developing

Question 16

Neutrophil

Answer 16

• horse shoe shaped
  -multi lobed nucleus

Question 17

Lymphocyte

Answer 17

• Larger than most cells
• nucleus occupies most of the cell

Question 18

Monocyte

Answer 18

-Nucleus is horse shoe shaped

• Larger cell

Question 19

Basophil

Answer 19

• Irregular nucleus
  -blue Cytoplasm

Question 20

Packed Cell Volume

Answer 20

• measures the proportion of blood that is made up of cells.
• glass tube, clay/sealant, centrifuge and a PCV reader

increased- dehydration, endotoxic shock

decreased- Anaemia, haemorrhage

Question 21

PCV Reference Ranges

Answer 21

Dog - 37-55
Cat - 24-45
Horse - 30-49
Birds - 35-55
Reptiles - 20-40
Rabbits - 33-50

Question 22

Biochemistry

Answer 22

evaluates the liver and kidneys

Question 23

serum / plasma

Answer 23

serum - obtained from a clotted sample so does not contain clotting factors

Plasma - obtained after spinning a sample with a anticoagulant present

Question 24

Sample Storage

Answer 24

• Label

-not stored at room temp

• can be stored in fridge for 48 hours