Blood

Question 1

Define pluripotent?

Answer 1

Able to develop into all types of blood cells

Question 2

What is Haemopoiesis?

Where does it occur?

Answer 2

The production of all types of blood cells including formation, development, and differentiation of blood cells
Occurs prenatally in the yolk sack and then the liver
In adults it occurs in bone marrow

Question 3

Name the colony forming units

Answer 3

CFU-Erythrocyte
CFU-Megakaryocyte
CFU-Granulocyte Macrophage

Question 4

Myeloid stem cells are made where?

What are their end products?

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Erythrocytes
Mast cells
Platelets
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
basophils
Monocytes
Macrophages

Question 5

Lymphoid stem cells are made where?

What are their end products?

Answer 5

Lymphatic system
T cells
B cells
Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 6

What process forms platelets?

Answer 6

Thrombopoiesis

Question 7

What process forms red blood cells?

Answer 7

Erythropoiesis

Question 8

What process forms white blood cells?

Answer 8

Leucopoiesis

Question 9

Walk through respiratory exchange - Lung to Tissue

Answer 9

Oxygen diffuses across from lung to RBC
Oxygen binds with Hb = HHb
Free H+ binds with Bicarbonate ion from chloride shift
Forms carbonic acid
Carbonic acid broken down by Carbonic anhydrase into CO2 and H2O
CO2 diffuses across into lungs

Question 10

Describe the blood groups
What antibodies are present in the plasma
What antigens are present on the RBC

Answer 10

Group A
plasma contains anti-B
A antigens

Vice versa for Group B

Group AB
plasma contains no antibodies
A and B antigens

Group O
plasma contains anti-A and anti-B
No antigens

Question 11

Function of a Neutrophil?

Describe it

Answer 11

Phagocytosis of small pathogens

Multi-lobed nucleus

Question 12

Function of a Eosinophil?

Describe it

Answer 12

Phagocytosis of larger pathogens

2-lobed nucleus

Question 13

Function of a Basophil?

Describe it

Answer 13

Anti-inflammatory
Release histamine
Heparin (anticoagulant)
2-lobed nucleus

Question 14

Function of a Monocyte?

Describe it

Answer 14

Produce tissue macrophages that migrate out of blood
Ingest bacteria, cell debris, cancer etc.
Horseshoe nucleus

Question 15

Function of a lymphocyte?

Describe it

Answer 15

B cells = Antibody production
T cells = Cellular immune response
Single lobed nucleus

Question 16

Describe the outline of the intrinsic pathway (Coagulation cascade)

Answer 16

There is surface level damage
Platelet plug formed
Multi steps to produce Factor X (active)
Prothrombin (Factor 2) > Thrombin
Fibrinogen (Factor 1) > Fibrin (clot)

Question 17

What is Leukemia?

Answer 17

The uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells

Question 18

What is a side effect of haemophilia A or B?

Answer 18

Lack of Factor 8 in A and Factor 9 in B

Subsequent inhibition of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade