Blood Flashcards
Function of blood:
_____-major function that includes erythrocytes carrying oxygen to cells. Blood also carries other nutrients, wastes, and hormones. Leukocytes (white blood cells) that help defend against infection and defense proteins like antibodies and compliment are also carried in the blood. Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments that work with clotting factors (a variety of proteins and other chemicals in blood) to preventing bleeding. The blood carries heat and regulation of blood flow helps to regulate body temperature
Transport
What type of Composition of blood:
______- 90% water along with dissolved compounds
Plasma
What type of Composition of blood:
_____-albumin, antibodies, clotting proteins. Proteins help maintain osmotic pressure.
Proteins
What type of blood protein is this?
____-60% of plasma proteins
Albumin
What type of blood protein is this?
______-Immune proteins produced by B-lymphocytes (a type of leukocyte) that help to defend against infection
Antibodies
What type of blood protein is this?
______-Precursor for the clotting protein fibrin
Fibrinogen
What type of Composition of blood:
erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
Formed elements
_______-(platelets)- Irregular shaped cell fragments from megakaryocytes.
Play a key role in blood clotting
Thrombocytes
_______- (red blood cells)
- Biconcave shape
- Contains no nucleus or organelles
- Enzymes in cytoplasm:
- Glycolytic enzymes to carry out glycolysis
- Carbonic anhydrase – converts CO2 to HCO3-
- Last ~120 days and are then destroyed by the spleen or liver
- Function – to transport oxygen and to a lesser extent carbon dioxide
- Contains hemoglobin – protein that binds and carries oxygen
- Made of 4 polypeptides and 4 heme groups
Eryhrocytes
______- is the general term for white blood cells.
Functions
*Protect against infection and initiates inflammation
* Destroy cancerous cells
* Tissue repair
Luekocytes
What are the types of leukocytes ?
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte Lymphocyte
What type of leukocytes have granulocytes?
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
______-leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules
Granulocytes
What type of leukocytes have
Agranulocytes?
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
What type of leukocytes is this?
_____-60 – 70% of leukocytes in blood), have a multi-lobed nucleus, function as phagocytic cells are the first on the scene of infection and triggers inflammation
Neutrophil
____ 3 or more lobes in nucleus
What type of leukocytes is this?
______-(1-4% of leukocytes in blood), have a bi-lobed nucleus and granules stain bright red. Associated with allergies and parasite infections
Eosinophil
_____ 2 lobes to the nucleus
What type of leukocytes is this?
_____-(< 1% of leukocytes in blood), have dark blue staining cytoplasmic granules that release histamine to promote inflammation
Basophil
______-leukocytes without cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytes
What type of leukocytes is this?
______-2 - 6% of leukocytes in blood), large nucleus curved into a U-shape, these cells travel into the tissue and mature (differentiate) into macrophages.
Monocyte
What type of leukocytes is this?
_____-(25 – 33% of leukocytes in blood), have a small rim of clear cytoplasm surrounding the large round nucleus, functions are important for the specific adaptive immune defenses.
Lymphocyte
_______- The proliferation and differentiation of the formed elements of blood..
Hemopoiesis
_____-production of new erythrocytes (~3 million per second)
* Rate of production is controlled by erythropoietin produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia (low blood oxygen levels).
Erythropoiesis
_______-prevents the loss of blood when blood vessels are damaged
Hemostasis
What are the three Three phases of hemostasis?
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
What type of the three phases of hemostasis is this?
_____-Blood vessels constrict to diminish blood flow and loss
Vascular spasm
What type of the three phases of hemostasis is this?
______-Broken or damaged blood vessels cause platelets to become sticky and cling to the site
o Activated platelets release chemicals that attract other platelets.
Platelet Plug
What type of the three phases of hemostasis is this?
_____-formation of a network of fibrin fibers that seals the blood vessel.
Coagulation
