Blood

Question 1

how is it collected

Answer 1

collect blood from vein since it is low pressure blood vs artery

after being placed in a centrifuge, the blood separates based on weight

Question 2

components of blood

Answer 2

• plasma is roughly half of blood
• red blood cells are about 45% of blood
• leukocytes and platelets are less than 1% of blood

Question 3

water

Answer 3

is a solvent that helps dissolve substances (polar), adds volume to blood (it is liquid, it takes up more space that just cells) creates high pressure.

Question 4

plasma proteins

Answer 4

Maintain osmotic gradients and fights infection. Maintain blood concentration (albumin). Fight infection (antibodies), clotting (fibrinogen). Each protein has a unique structure that allows it to perform their function.

Question 5

salts

Answer 5

: are ionic compounds. they separates into component ions. ex. Calcium for muscle contraction, Na, K, CL for nerve function. The water carries them since they have charges and water attracts since it is polar

Question 6

gases

Answer 6

oxygen, for cell respiration (reactant), carbon dioxide (product). these don’t have charges but you can still carry in small amounts

Question 7

nutrients

Answer 7

energy (carbohydrates and lipids that have a lot of potential energy), build structures (proteins, lipids which are building blocks)

Question 8

wastes

Answer 8

products of chemical reactions (can be harmful to cells),

Question 9

hormones

Answer 9

communicate messages from cell to cell (cells that respond have receptors for the hormone). can move through membranes or attach to receptors

Question 10

Erythrocyte

Answer 10

Red blood cell (RBC). When mature, lose their nucleus (biconcave shape)
for more flexibility to go through capillaries and 
more surface area to transport oxygen. -Survive about 120 days. Then, removed by 
macrophages in the liver and spleen
-More produced when levels of oxygen are low
RBC contains 280 millions of Haemoglobin - red pigment (iron attaches to oxygen).
Four molecules of oxygen per molecule of hemoglobin
Lack of iron: iron-deficiency anemia

Question 11

Leukocytes

Answer 11

White Blood Cell (WBC). has nucleus, not red, live for only a few days. There are some called granular and agranular leukocytes which contain granules with proteins

Question 12

Lymphocyte (Agranular)

Answer 12

Leukocyte that is also produced by lymphatic system. - lymphocytes remember the virus they fought since evolutionarily, there is something in your environment that is dangerous so the lymphocytes remember the virus since they can fight them faster. Produce specific Antibodies to fight viruses and infection

Question 13

monocytes (agranular)

Answer 13

largest leukocyte called macrophage when it leaves the vessel. phagocytosis of bacteria and old cells? Activates lymphocytes.