Blood Flashcards
TRUE or FALSE: blood is the only fluid tissue in the human body.
TRUE
What kind of TISSUE is BLOOD?
Connective
What are the TWO (2) COMPONENTS of BLOOD?
- Living Cells
2. Nonliving Matrix
What is the LIVING CELLS component of blood CALLED?
Formed Elements
What is the NONLIVING MATRIX component of blood CALLED?
Plasma
What THREE (3) things happen when BLOOD is CENTRIFUGED?
- Erythrocytes sink to the bottom
- Buffy coat is in the middle
- Plasma rises to the top
ERYTHROCYTES make up what % of the blood?
45%
The BUFFY COAT makes up what % of blood?
Less than 1%
PLASMA makes up what % of blood?
55%
This is the THIN, WHITISH layer BETWEEN the ERYTHROCYTES and the PLASMA.
Buffy Coat
The 45% of blood that contains ERYTHROCYTES is known as the ______________.
Hematocrit
FORMED ELEMENTS are made up of what THREE (3) things?
**SEE CH. 17 ppt SLIDE 5*
- Platelets (4.8%)
- Red Blood Cells (95.1%)
- White Blood Cells (0.1%)
What are the FIVE (5) types of WHITE BLOOD CELLS?
SEE CH. 17 ppt SLIDE 5
- Neutrophils (54-62%)
- Lymphocytes (25-33%)
- Monocytes (3-9%)
- Eosinophils (1-3%)
- Basophils (
What SIX (6) things make up the PLASMA in the blood?
SEE CH. 17 ppt SLIDE 5
- Electrolytes
- Water (92%)
- Proteins (7%)
- Wastes
- Nutrients (including vitamins & hormones)
- Gases
What THREE (3) specific type of PROTEINS make up the PLASMA in the blood?
SEE CH. 17 ppt SLIDE 5
- Albumins (60% of plasma pro.)
- Globulins (36% of p.p)
- Fibrinogen (4% of p.p)
What THREE (3) GASES make up the PLASMA in the blood?
SEE CH. 17 ppt SLIDE 5
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Carbon Dioxide
What are the THREE (3) MAJOR FUNCTIONS of WATER in the plasma?
- 90% of plasma volume
- Solvent for carrying substances
- Absorbs heat
What are the SIX (6) ELECTROLYTES found in the blood?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate
What are the THREE (3) MAJOR FUNCTIONS of the ELECTROLYTES in the plasma?
- Osmotic Balance
- pH Buffering
- Regulation of Membrane Permeability
What are the FIVE (5) MAJOR FUNCTIONS of the PLASMAS PROTEINS?
- Osmotic Balance
- pH Buffering
- Blood Clotting
- Defense
- Lipid Transport
What are the TWO (2) MAJOR FUNCTIONS of ERYTHROCYTES?
- Transport Oxygen
2. Help Transport CO2
What is the MAJOR FUNCTION of LEUKOCYTES?
Defense and Immunity
What is the MAJOR FUNCTION of PLATELETS?
Blood Clotting
What COLOR is OXYGEN RICH blood?
Scarlet Red
What COLOR is OXYGEN POOR blood?
Dull Red
The pH of blood must remain between ____ and ____.
7.35 and 7.45
What is the TEMPERATURE of BLOOD?
100.4 degrees F
What is the BLOOD VOLUME of a healthy person?
5-6 liters (6 quarts)
BLOOD makes up what % of BODY WEIGHT?
8%
What are the THREE (3) FUNCTIONS of BLOOD?
SEE CH.17 ppt SLIDE 8
- Distribution
- Regulation
- Protection
TRUE or FALSE: plasma proteins are the most scarce solutes in the plasma.
FALSE,
plasma proteins are the most ABUNDANT solutes in plasma
Most PLASMA PROTEINS are MADE BY THE __________.
Liver
BlOOD TRANSPORTS everything that must be carried from one place to another, such as these FOUR (4) things:
- Nutrients
- Wastes
- Hormones
- Body heat
What are THREE (3) MAJOR FUNCTIONS of the plasma protein ALBUMIN?
- Regulate Osmotic Pressure
- Transport Molecules
- Buffer
What are the THREE (3) types of GLOBULINS?
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
What THREE (3) things do ALPHA and BETA GLOBULINS TRANSPORT?
- Lipids
- Metal Ions
- Fat-soluble Vitamins
What role do GAMMA GLOBULINS play?
They contain antibodies
What is the MAJOR FUNCTION of the plasma protein FIBRINOGEN?
To help STEM BLOOD LOSS when a blood vessel is injured
This occurs when BLOOD pH becomes too ACIDIC.
Acidosis
This occurs when BLOOD pH becomes too BASIC.
Alkalosis
What TWO (2) ORGAN SYSTEMS help to RESTORE BLOOD pH?
- Respiratory System
2. Kidneys
How many ERYTHROCYTES per cubic millimeter of blood?
4-6 million (~5 million)
How many LEUKOCYTES per cubic millimeter of blood?
4,800 to 10,800
How many PLATELETS per cubic millimeter of blood?
250,000 to 400,000
Essentially ERYTHROCYTES are BAGS OF _____________.
Hemoglobin
TRUE or FALSE: erythrocytes are bioconcave disks.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: erythrocytes have a nucleus.
FALSE,
Erythrocytes are ANUCLEATE (no nucleus)
TRUE or FALSE: erythrocytes contain very few organelles.
TRUE
This FORMED ELEMENT is responsible for BLOOD VISCOSITY.
Erythrocytes