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Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

A

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

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2
Q

What is the shape of erythrocytes?

A

Biconcave discs

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3
Q

What protein do erythrocytes contain that binds to oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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4
Q

How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule carry?

A

Four oxygen molecules

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Erythrocytes are produced in the _______.

A

[bone marrow]

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6
Q

True or False: Erythrocytes have a nucleus.

A

False

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7
Q

What is the lifespan of a typical erythrocyte?

A

About 120 days

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8
Q

What happens to erythrocytes after their lifespan ends?

A

They are phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen and liver

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9
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin in erythrocyte production?

A

Stimulates the production of erythrocytes in response to low oxygen levels

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10
Q

What is the normal range of erythrocytes in adult males?

A

4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter of blood

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11
Q

What is the normal range of erythrocytes in adult females?

A

4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter of blood

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of erythrocytes is to maintain _______ balance in the body.

A

[gas]

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13
Q

What is the significance of the biconcave shape of erythrocytes?

A

Increases surface area for gas exchange and allows flexibility to navigate through capillaries

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14
Q

How do erythrocytes contribute to maintaining blood pH?

A

By transporting carbon dioxide, which helps regulate acidity in the blood

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15
Q

What is the process by which erythrocytes are formed called?

A

Erythropoiesis

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16
Q

What are the subtypes of formed elements in blood?

A

The subtypes of formed elements in blood are:
* Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
* Leukocytes (white blood cells)
* Thrombocytes (platelets)

Formed elements play critical roles in oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting.

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17
Q

Neutrophil

A
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18
Q

What is the primary component of blood?

A

Plasma

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19
Q

True or False: Red blood cells contain a nucleus.

A

False

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20
Q

What is the main function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The liquid portion of blood is called __________.

A

plasma

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22
Q

What type of blood cell is primarily involved in immune response?

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

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23
Q

Which protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?

A

Approximately 120 days

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25
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of blood? A) Plasma B) Red blood cells C) Neurons D) White blood cells
C) Neurons
26
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
To aid in blood clotting.
27
True or False: Blood has a higher viscosity than water.
True
28
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
7.35 to 7.45
29
Fill in the blank: The process of blood cell formation is called __________.
hematopoiesis
30
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
To protect the body against infections.
31
Multiple choice: Which type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies? A) Neutrophils B) B cells C) T cells D) Monocytes
B) B cells
32
What is the function of albumin in blood plasma?
To maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances.
33
True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells.
True
34
What are the four main blood types in the ABO system?
A, B, AB, O
35
Fill in the blank: The Rh factor is a protein that can be present on the surface of __________ blood cells.
red
36
What is a common test used to measure the concentration of red blood cells?
Hemoglobin test
37
Multiple choice: Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting carbon dioxide? A) Platelets B) Plasma C) Red blood cells D) White blood cells
C) Red blood cells
38
What is the primary function of fibrinogen in blood?
To help in blood clotting.
39
True or False: Blood transfusions can only occur between the same blood types.
False
40
What is the term for the process of blood clot formation?
Coagulation
41
Fill in the blank: The average adult has about __________ liters of blood.
5 to 6
42
What is hemostasis?
The process that prevents and stops bleeding.
43
Multiple choice: Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin K
44
True or False: Blood is considered a connective tissue.
True
45
What are white blood cells also known as?
Leukocytes
46
True or False: White blood cells play a key role in the immune system.
True
47
Fill in the blank: The primary function of white blood cells is to _____ the body against infections.
protect
48
What are the two main categories of white blood cells?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
49
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies?
B lymphocytes (B cells)
50
True or False: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell.
True
51
What is the lifespan of most white blood cells?
A few days to a few weeks
52
Which white blood cells are primarily involved in allergic reactions?
Basophils
53
What is the primary role of T lymphocytes (T cells)?
To directly attack infected cells
54
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell? A) Neutrophils B) Erythrocytes C) Monocytes D) Lymphocytes
B) Erythrocytes
55
Fill in the blank: The process by which white blood cells move towards an infection is called _____
chemotaxis
56
Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?
Macrophages
57
True or False: White blood cells can leave the bloodstream to reach tissues.
True
58
What is the normal range of white blood cells in a healthy adult (per microliter of blood)?
4,500 to 11,000
59
What is leukopenia?
A condition characterized by a low white blood cell count
60
What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?
To destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells
61
Multiple Choice: Which type of cell differentiates into macrophages in tissues? A) Lymphocytes B) Monocytes C) Neutrophils D) Basophils
B) Monocytes
62
Fill in the blank: The process of white blood cells engulfing pathogens is called _____
phagocytosis
63
What is the function of eosinophils?
To combat parasitic infections and contribute to allergic responses
64
True or False: White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
True
65
What is the role of dendritic cells?
To present antigens to T cells and activate the immune response
66
What is leukocytosis?
A condition characterized by an elevated white blood cell count
67
Fill in the blank: The immune response can be divided into _____ and _____ responses.
innate; adaptive
68
Which white blood cells are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?
B and T lymphocytes
69
Multiple Choice: Which cell type is the first responder to infection? A) Eosinophils B) Neutrophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes
B) Neutrophils
70
What is the primary function of memory T cells?
To provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections
71
Fill in the blank: White blood cells recognize pathogens through specific _____ on their surfaces.
receptors
72
What is Aplastic Anemia?
A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells ## Footnote Aplastic anemia can lead to a range of symptoms including fatigue, increased risk of infections, and bleeding tendencies.
73
What are the main causes of Aplastic Anemia?
Causes include: * Autoimmune diseases * Exposure to toxins * Viral infections * Certain medications * Genetic disorders ## Footnote Some cases may be idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.
74
True or False: Aplastic Anemia only affects red blood cells.
False ## Footnote Aplastic anemia affects all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
75
Fill in the blank: Aplastic Anemia is characterized by a deficiency of _______.
[blood cells]
76
What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anemia?
Symptoms include: * Fatigue * Weakness * Paleness * Shortness of breath * Increased bruising or bleeding * Frequent infections ## Footnote The severity of symptoms can vary based on the degree of bone marrow failure.
77
What is the treatment for Aplastic Anemia?
Treatment options include: * Blood transfusions * Bone marrow transplant * Immunosuppressive therapy * Growth factors ## Footnote The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health.
78
What is the role of bone marrow in blood cell production?
Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets ## Footnote Healthy bone marrow is essential for maintaining adequate blood cell levels in the body.
79
What is the chemical formula for carbaminohemoglobin?
HbCO2
80
What is the Buffy Coat?
The Buffy Coat is a layer of white blood cells and platelets that forms between plasma and red blood cells when blood is centrifuged. ## Footnote It is an important component in blood analysis and can provide insights into immune function and clotting.
81
In blood centrifugation, the Buffy Coat is located between which two components?
Plasma and red blood cells. ## Footnote This separation allows for the analysis of different blood components.
82
True or False: The Buffy Coat contains red blood cells.
False. ## Footnote The Buffy Coat specifically contains white blood cells and platelets.
83
Fill in the blank: The Buffy Coat is primarily composed of _______.
white blood cells and platelets. ## Footnote These components are crucial for immune response and clotting mechanisms.
84
What can the analysis of the Buffy Coat reveal?
Insights into immune function and clotting. ## Footnote Changes in the composition of the Buffy Coat can indicate various health conditions.
85
List the components found in the Buffy Coat.
* White blood cells * Platelets ## Footnote These components are vital for the body's defense and healing processes.
86
What is the significance of the Buffy Coat in clinical settings?
It aids in diagnosing infections and blood disorders. ## Footnote The Buffy Coat can be analyzed for specific types of white blood cells to assess health.
87
What does PCV stand for?
Packed Cell Volume ## Footnote PCV is a laboratory test that measures the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells.
88
What is the purpose of a critical test?
To assess vital parameters that indicate the severity of a patient's condition ## Footnote Critical tests are essential for determining immediate medical needs.
89
What is a packed-cell?
A concentration of red blood cells separated from plasma ## Footnote Packed cells are often used in transfusions when there is a need to increase red blood cell mass.
90
Fill in the blank: The _______ test measures the volume of red blood cells in a sample.
PCV
91
True or False: The volume test measures only the plasma component of blood.
False ## Footnote The volume test assesses the total blood volume, including red blood cells and plasma.

Anatomy And Physiology (5 decks)

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