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Anatomy And Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

A

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

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2
Q

What is the shape of erythrocytes?

A

Biconcave discs

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3
Q

What protein do erythrocytes contain that binds to oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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4
Q

How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule carry?

A

Four oxygen molecules

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Erythrocytes are produced in the _______.

A

[bone marrow]

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6
Q

True or False: Erythrocytes have a nucleus.

A

False

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7
Q

What is the lifespan of a typical erythrocyte?

A

About 120 days

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8
Q

What happens to erythrocytes after their lifespan ends?

A

They are phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen and liver

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9
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin in erythrocyte production?

A

Stimulates the production of erythrocytes in response to low oxygen levels

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10
Q

What is the normal range of erythrocytes in adult males?

A

4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter of blood

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11
Q

What is the normal range of erythrocytes in adult females?

A

4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter of blood

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of erythrocytes is to maintain _______ balance in the body.

A

[gas]

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13
Q

What is the significance of the biconcave shape of erythrocytes?

A

Increases surface area for gas exchange and allows flexibility to navigate through capillaries

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14
Q

How do erythrocytes contribute to maintaining blood pH?

A

By transporting carbon dioxide, which helps regulate acidity in the blood

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15
Q

What is the process by which erythrocytes are formed called?

A

Erythropoiesis

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16
Q

What are the subtypes of formed elements in blood?

A

The subtypes of formed elements in blood are:
* Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
* Leukocytes (white blood cells)
* Thrombocytes (platelets)

Formed elements play critical roles in oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting.

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17
Q

Neutrophil

A
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18
Q

What is the primary component of blood?

A

Plasma

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19
Q

True or False: Red blood cells contain a nucleus.

A

False

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20
Q

What is the main function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The liquid portion of blood is called __________.

A

plasma

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22
Q

What type of blood cell is primarily involved in immune response?

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

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23
Q

Which protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?

A

Approximately 120 days

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25
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of blood? A) Plasma B) Red blood cells C) Neurons D) White blood cells

A

C) Neurons

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26
Q

What is the role of platelets in the blood?

A

To aid in blood clotting.

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27
Q

True or False: Blood has a higher viscosity than water.

A

True

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28
Q

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

A

7.35 to 7.45

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29
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of blood cell formation is called __________.

A

hematopoiesis

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30
Q

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

A

To protect the body against infections.

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31
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies? A) Neutrophils B) B cells C) T cells D) Monocytes

A

B) B cells

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32
Q

What is the function of albumin in blood plasma?

A

To maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances.

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33
Q

True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells.

A

True

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34
Q

What are the four main blood types in the ABO system?

A

A, B, AB, O

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35
Q

Fill in the blank: The Rh factor is a protein that can be present on the surface of __________ blood cells.

A

red

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36
Q

What is a common test used to measure the concentration of red blood cells?

A

Hemoglobin test

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37
Q

Multiple choice: Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting carbon dioxide? A) Platelets B) Plasma C) Red blood cells D) White blood cells

A

C) Red blood cells

38
Q

What is the primary function of fibrinogen in blood?

A

To help in blood clotting.

39
Q

True or False: Blood transfusions can only occur between the same blood types.

40
Q

What is the term for the process of blood clot formation?

A

Coagulation

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The average adult has about __________ liters of blood.

42
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The process that prevents and stops bleeding.

43
Q

Multiple choice: Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin A

A

C) Vitamin K

44
Q

True or False: Blood is considered a connective tissue.

45
Q

What are white blood cells also known as?

A

Leukocytes

46
Q

True or False: White blood cells play a key role in the immune system.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of white blood cells is to _____ the body against infections.

48
Q

What are the two main categories of white blood cells?

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

49
Q

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)

50
Q

True or False: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell.

51
Q

What is the lifespan of most white blood cells?

A

A few days to a few weeks

52
Q

Which white blood cells are primarily involved in allergic reactions?

53
Q

What is the primary role of T lymphocytes (T cells)?

A

To directly attack infected cells

54
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell? A) Neutrophils B) Erythrocytes C) Monocytes D) Lymphocytes

A

B) Erythrocytes

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which white blood cells move towards an infection is called _____

A

chemotaxis

56
Q

Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?

A

Macrophages

57
Q

True or False: White blood cells can leave the bloodstream to reach tissues.

58
Q

What is the normal range of white blood cells in a healthy adult (per microliter of blood)?

A

4,500 to 11,000

59
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

A condition characterized by a low white blood cell count

60
Q

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?

A

To destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells

61
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of cell differentiates into macrophages in tissues? A) Lymphocytes B) Monocytes C) Neutrophils D) Basophils

A

B) Monocytes

62
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of white blood cells engulfing pathogens is called _____

A

phagocytosis

63
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

To combat parasitic infections and contribute to allergic responses

64
Q

True or False: White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

65
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells?

A

To present antigens to T cells and activate the immune response

66
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

A condition characterized by an elevated white blood cell count

67
Q

Fill in the blank: The immune response can be divided into _____ and _____ responses.

A

innate; adaptive

68
Q

Which white blood cells are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?

A

B and T lymphocytes

69
Q

Multiple Choice: Which cell type is the first responder to infection? A) Eosinophils B) Neutrophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes

A

B) Neutrophils

70
Q

What is the primary function of memory T cells?

A

To provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections

71
Q

Fill in the blank: White blood cells recognize pathogens through specific _____ on their surfaces.

72
Q

What is Aplastic Anemia?

A

A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells

Aplastic anemia can lead to a range of symptoms including fatigue, increased risk of infections, and bleeding tendencies.

73
Q

What are the main causes of Aplastic Anemia?

A

Causes include:
* Autoimmune diseases
* Exposure to toxins
* Viral infections
* Certain medications
* Genetic disorders

Some cases may be idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.

74
Q

True or False: Aplastic Anemia only affects red blood cells.

A

False

Aplastic anemia affects all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: Aplastic Anemia is characterized by a deficiency of _______.

A

[blood cells]

76
Q

What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anemia?

A

Symptoms include:
* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Paleness
* Shortness of breath
* Increased bruising or bleeding
* Frequent infections

The severity of symptoms can vary based on the degree of bone marrow failure.

77
Q

What is the treatment for Aplastic Anemia?

A

Treatment options include:
* Blood transfusions
* Bone marrow transplant
* Immunosuppressive therapy
* Growth factors

The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the patient’s overall health.

78
Q

What is the role of bone marrow in blood cell production?

A

Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Healthy bone marrow is essential for maintaining adequate blood cell levels in the body.

79
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbaminohemoglobin?

80
Q

What is the Buffy Coat?

A

The Buffy Coat is a layer of white blood cells and platelets that forms between plasma and red blood cells when blood is centrifuged.

It is an important component in blood analysis and can provide insights into immune function and clotting.

81
Q

In blood centrifugation, the Buffy Coat is located between which two components?

A

Plasma and red blood cells.

This separation allows for the analysis of different blood components.

82
Q

True or False: The Buffy Coat contains red blood cells.

A

False.

The Buffy Coat specifically contains white blood cells and platelets.

83
Q

Fill in the blank: The Buffy Coat is primarily composed of _______.

A

white blood cells and platelets.

These components are crucial for immune response and clotting mechanisms.

84
Q

What can the analysis of the Buffy Coat reveal?

A

Insights into immune function and clotting.

Changes in the composition of the Buffy Coat can indicate various health conditions.

85
Q

List the components found in the Buffy Coat.

A
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets

These components are vital for the body’s defense and healing processes.

86
Q

What is the significance of the Buffy Coat in clinical settings?

A

It aids in diagnosing infections and blood disorders.

The Buffy Coat can be analyzed for specific types of white blood cells to assess health.

87
Q

What does PCV stand for?

A

Packed Cell Volume

PCV is a laboratory test that measures the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells.

88
Q

What is the purpose of a critical test?

A

To assess vital parameters that indicate the severity of a patient’s condition

Critical tests are essential for determining immediate medical needs.

89
Q

What is a packed-cell?

A

A concentration of red blood cells separated from plasma

Packed cells are often used in transfusions when there is a need to increase red blood cell mass.

90
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ test measures the volume of red blood cells in a sample.

91
Q

True or False: The volume test measures only the plasma component of blood.

A

False

The volume test assesses the total blood volume, including red blood cells and plasma.

Anatomy And Physiology (5 decks)

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