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BIO 224 Lecture > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood

A

A connective tissue that transports, regulates and protects

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2
Q

What is Plasma

A

-Liquid top portion on test tube
-55%
-that has clotting proteins and serums

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3
Q

What are formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes ( RBC), Leukocytes ( WBC) and platelets ( Megakaryocyte)

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4
Q

What is centrifugation

A

Fractionated blood

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4
Q

Which plasma protein is most abundant?

A

Albumin

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5
Q

What are the key points of blood characteristics

A
  • Viscosity
  • pH
    -Volume
  • Color
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6
Q

Elaborate on Blood Viscosity

A

“Blood is thicker than water”,

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7
Q

Elaborate on Blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

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8
Q

Elaborate on Blood volume

A

Adults =5L

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9
Q

Elaborate on Blood color

A

Varies with oxygen content, more oxygen the brighter the red

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10
Q

What are the key functions of blood

A
  • Distribution/transportation
  • Regulation
  • protection
    -Homeostasis
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11
Q

Elaborate on blood function of Distribution/transport

A

Nutrients: to reserve for GI tract to all cells
Oxygen: Lungs to all cells
waste: cells to garbate sites,(CO2 to lungs)
Hormones: Endo glands to traget

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12
Q

Elaborate on blood function of regulation

A

Temp: Skin blood flow
Ph
Bp(volume)
Electrolytes

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13
Q

Elaborate on blood function of Homeostasis

A

Blood to interstitial fluid to cells

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14
Q

Elaborate on blood function of protection

A

Clotting: prevents blood loss
Infection: immune transport

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15
Q

What are the functions of plasma protien

A

exert colloid osmotic pressure
immune/inflammation/clotting processes,
nutrition
acid/base balance

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15
Q

What is the plasma component that forms fibrin

A

fibrinogen

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16
Q

What is fibrinolysis

A

dissloving a clot

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16
Q

What is the difference from hematopoiesis and hemostasis

A

Hematostasis: used to prevent blood loss
hematopoesis: formed elements

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17
Q

what is thrombocyte

A

blood platelets

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18
Q

What causes decreased hematopoiesis

A

bone marrow faliure or deficiency of essential nutrients

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19
Q

What is a clot

A

Platelets and clotting factors

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20
Q

Clotting protiens

A

liver

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21
Q

What does the plasma serum contain

A

-Nutrients/waste
-Resp. gasses (co2 and o2)
- Electrolytes
- Blood proteins ( Large)

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22
What are types of blood proteins
Albumin: 60% of blood and osmotic pressure Transport protein: A and B goblins, lipoproteins Immune protiens: y (gamma) gobulins Ex: antibodies
23
What is the lifespan of RBC
3-4 months, 100-120 days
23
What are RBC
Erythrocytes
24
How would you descibe a mature erythrocyte
Lack of most other organelles, bioconcave disc ( flexable), and most abundant cell and contains HB,hgb
25
What is the name of the process in which RBC are made
Erythropoiesis
26
first step for erythropoiesis
red bone marrow - HSC ) hematopoietic stem cells
27
second step for erythropoiesis
Erythrocyte colony forming units (CFU) - Communicated to be a RBC
28
third step for erythropoiesis
proerythroblast -Immature pre-pre- RBC
29
Last step
Reticulocyte - eject remaining organelles
29
forth step for erythropoiesis
Erythroblast -Makes Hgb, mature RBC and nucleus shrinks and ejects
30
Kidney EPO
negative feedback low tissue oxygen higher EPO
31
What does each hemoglobin molecule contain
four polypeptide subunits , two alpha, two beta and each bound to a heme group
32
What is a heme
A fancy carbon ring (Protoporphyrin (x)) holds iron Iron hold oxygen
33
What is a globin chain
Holds heme group, protien (aa chain) and alpha/beta
34
Oxygen plus Hb
red color, REVERSIABLE binding Lungs: Pick up oxygen tissue: oxygen ( more oxygen= brighter red)
35
carboamino-Hb
Aids elimination, NOT mina carbon dioxide carrier
36
carboxy-Hb
binds at iron, 200x higher affinity
37
What is Anemia
too little blood, oxygen level lowers carrying capacity in blood
37
S/sx of anemia
fatigue, wekness pallor, dyspnea,
37
Spleen
Sinusoids( tiny curvy capillaries) lower flexibility in RBC= trapping phagocytosis (macrophages)
37
How long does RBC destruction take
lifespan= 100-120 days, 3-4 MONTHS= LESS FLEXABLE
38
RBC breakdown
heme iorn---- transferrin(carrier)--- marrow (recycling) Heme ring----biliverdin---bilirubin--albumin---liver--feces and urine
39
anemia production
lower heme supplies - iron, vit-b12, folate, vit b6
40
examples of anemia
Anemia of chronic d - Chronically ill and hides iron
40
Marrow suppression
aplastic anemia
41
Anemia has higher consumption
loss( bleeding GI tract and menses)
42
RBC destrucion
hemolysis ( breaking cells down) - autoimmune and sickle cell anemia
43
Autosomal recessive
trait vs disease 1 sickle gene= trait( no symp) 2 sickle gene= disease
44
What is sickle cell anemia
b-globin gene mutation( low oxygen= sickling) Sickle=non flexible
45
Is this trait protective of malaria
yes
46
What is WBC
Leukocytes
47
WBC VS RBC
Larger, prominent nucli low quantity independent movement
48
Granulocytes
"phils" ( pockets of stuff they will use)
49
Cytoplasmic granules
basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil
50
Agranulocytes
"cytes"; no visible granules ex; Lymphocyte, monocyte
51
Leukopoiesis ( production name)
1. red bone marrow
52
myeloid cell line
other formed elements
53
lymphoid cell line
lymphocytes
54
Immune system movement
Amoeboid movement: Taking down and building up Diapedesis: WBC out of blood vesicle and into tissue) ex; Pathogens, damaged tissue, active WBC Chemotaxis: (chemical movement) ex; Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes
55
WBC Differential ( Never let Monkeys Eat bananas)
Neutrophils; 60 lymphocytes; 30 monocytes; 6 Eosinophils; 3 basophils ;1
56
granulocytes (NEBAM)
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, agranulocytes and monocytes
57
Chemotaxis of neutrophils
injured cells, kill bacteria, higher inflammation, higher WBC
57
Neutrophils ( Named after stain)
- the color is natural - AKA Polymorphonuclear WBC - 1 nucleus(3-5 lobes)
58
Phagocytosis in neutrophils
first responders
59
Eosinophils
(eosin=loving) - red granules - nucleus ( spider-man deadpool) - Parasitic worm, allergic reactions
59
basophils
-nucleus can not be seen - granules (allergy stuff)= Histamine, heprain and leukotrienes
60
Histamine
vasodilator
61
heparin
anticoagulant
62
Agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes= 30% of WBC - Nucleus= large - cytoplasm= thin and blue rim
63
b- lymp
(bone lymp) - Mature bone marrow and produce antibodies
64
T-lymp
( Thymus lymus) Mature thymus and activate other immune components
65
B-lymp and t-lymp
Both ACTIAVTED BY ANTIGENS - glycoproteins - on cells and bio compund - antigen specific
66
Phagocyesis
dead/dying cells ex; old RBC
67
Monocytes
(largest sized WBC) - nucleus large and u shaped ( ski goggles) - cytoplasm; light blue and purple - diapedesis into macrophages( mature monocyte in tissue)
68
Platelets
-shape makes it stick clotting ( hemostasis)= - clot=platelets and clotting protiens - NOT CELLS ( shead fragments of megakaryocytes)
69
Megakaryocytes
Large cells in marrow ( multiple copies of DNA in one nucleus) and stimulated by THROMBOPORITIEN FROM LIVER
70
Cytoplasmic arms
cytosol, granules, few organelles and no nucleus
71
Arms
bone marrow sinusoids
72
arms
platelets shead into blood
73
platelet granules
some clotting factors, platelet-activating chemicals
74
Hemostasis ( blood stopage)
1. vascular system 2. platelet plug formation 3. coagulation cascade 4. clot retraction 5. thrombolysis
75
What is vascular spasm
spasm--- smaller hole/defect, blood leakage---- higher tissue pressure
76
Platelet plug formation
-Platelet adhesion - Platelet activation and aggregation - PLT MORPHOLOGY CHANGE ( HIGHER PLT ADHESION) -vessel injury; collagen exposure , vWF and platelet trigger ; vWF and collagen
77
Coagulation cascade
- CLOTTING FACTORS (F1-FXIII) -Liver( Vit-k); Factors II, VII, IX, X
78
end product
fibrin (FIa), solidify platelet plug
79
Fibronogen (FI)
in PLt and plasma
80
What are the two pathways of FXA ( activated coagulation factors)
Interinsic; Collagen exposure extrinsic ; tissue factor
81
FXA+___+____
Fva + Calcium
82
colt retraction
platelet contraction---- clot retraction COAGUALTED CLOT --(CLOT RETRACES)---> SERUM SQUEZED OUT OF CLOT AND WOUND EDGES BROUGHT CLOSER
83
THROMBOLYSIS ( cot breakdown after tissue heals)
-PLASMIN dissloves fibrin in clot - Activated by plasinogen (TNT) by ENDOTHELIAL TPA
84
Plasinogen
(TNT), in plasma, attracted to fibrin( Built into clot)
85
what is antigen
- binds antiboides - cna trigger immune repsonce - glycoprotien - on rbc
85
what is a antibody
-binds aintigens - from b-lymp - protien (coverd in immunology) - in plasma
86
Which is universal reciver
ab
87
which is universal donor
O
88
Ant-RH antibodies
rh(-); initially no antibodies rh(+); no antibodies

BIO 224 Lecture (4 decks)

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