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BIO 224 Lecture > Bio 224 Digestive > Flashcards

Bio 224 Digestive Flashcards

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1
Q

What is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex?

A

Decreases vagal actvity and acid secretion by the stomach

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2
Q

Which of the following is paried incorrectly

A

pepsin and oligopeptides

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3
Q

Why might the drug orlistat, which blocks pancreatic lipase helps an individual lose weight?

A

Blocking pancreatic lipase will in turn block the chemical digestion and absorption of lipids , potentially leading to weight loss

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4
Q

What effect would a posion that stimulates the parasymoatheic NS by activating the vagus nerve; have on the motility of the stomach

A

Much of the churning of the stomach is under the control of hormones and enteric hormones and enteric NS neurons so this poision would have little effects on these control mechanisms

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5
Q

The terminal portion of the large int. is the rectum T or F

A

false

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6
Q

Gallbladder release bile into the

A

cystic duct

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7
Q

What enzyme catalyzes reactions that initiate carb. digestion

A

salivary amylase

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8
Q

How is frutose absorbed across the apical enterocyte membrane

A

faciliated diffusion

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9
Q

At the splenic flexure the colon becomes the

A

descending colon

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10
Q

Molecule of glucose being absorbed in the small int. will first be transported

A

across apical membrane of enterocytes

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11
Q

Why does peritonitis, inflammation of the peritoneal membrane, affect multiplue digestive organs

A

the peritoneal membrane surrounds many abdominal organs, so inflammation of the membrane will affect multiple organs rapdily

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12
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates pancreatic secretions

A

secretin

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13
Q

Which of the following enzymes digests proteins

A

pepsin

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14
Q

The sympatheic NS

A

Inhibits digestive processes

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15
Q

Why are patients encouraged to take suppliments that contain bacteria found in the natural flora when they are on antibiotics

A

Antibiotics often destroy the natural flora of bacteria in the large int. which can lead to greater infections.

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16
Q

What would happen with the defecation reflex if the spinal cord were damaged

A

defecation would no longer be under voluntary control since the cerebral cortex would not be able to communicate with the external anal sphincter and levator ani muscle

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17
Q

Which hormones stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes

A

Cholecystokinin ( CCK)

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18
Q

Falciform ligament sepreates the

A

right and left lobes of the liver

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19
Q

Damaged hepatocytes will impair

A

bile production

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20
Q

Gallstones may block the flow of bile from the gallbaldder by becoming lodged in the

A

cystic duct

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21
Q

Before carb are absorbed__ digest disaccharides into monosaccharides

A

brush border enzyme

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22
Q

Mucosa of the alimentary canal form esophagus to anus is composed of simple columnar epthilum

A

false

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23
Q

What symptomes will a patient with pyloric stenosis ( due to narrowing due to hypertrophy of pyloric sphincter ) have?

A

Pyloric stenosis may cause a patient to experience excessive vomiting, leading to electrolyres imbalance and malnutriton

24
Q

Which of the following does NOT increase surface area in the small intestine

A

rugae

25
Q

What is the primary effect of gastric inhibitory pepside ( GIP)

A

GIP inhibits acid secretion from parietal cells

26
Q

The pattern of slow rhythmic contractions of the small intestine during fasting is called the

A

migrating motor complex ( MMC)

27
Q

What creates the taeniae coli

A

longitudinal layer of the muscualris externa

28
Q

What stimuus intates the defecation reflex

A

strech of the rectum

29
Q

Proton pump inhibitors are drugs that block the secreations of gastric acids. Which cells are affected by these drugs

A

parietal cells

30
Q

Which is not an endocrine hormone secreted by the pancreas

A

aldosterone

31
Q

Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids in the duodenum

A

secretin

32
Q

hormones relased by the duodenum in repsonse to liids and partially digested protiens in the duodenum

A

Cholecystokinin CCK

33
Q

Hormone produced by a diffuse neuroendocrine system cell of the stomach to inhibit acid secretion by the stomach

A

Somatostatin

34
Q

Hormone produced by a diffuse neruocendorine cells of the stomach called a G celll

A

Gastrin

35
Q

Hormone produced by the duodenum to reduce acid secretion by the stomach

A

gastric inhibitory peptide ( GIP)

36
Q

Which of the following GI hormone promotes a pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions

A

Secretin

37
Q

Converion of pepsinogen into the active form, pesin, requires

A

an acidic Ph

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the vagus nerve on the stomach’s activity

A

stimulation of somatostatin secreations

39
Q

What does the gastric pacemaker regualtes

A

churnning and peristalsis of the stomach

40
Q

Gastrin increases hydrogen ion secretion by the stomach T or F

A

true

41
Q

Secretin, gastic inhibitory peptside, somatostatin and the nterogastric reflex incarese acid secretion by the stomach

A

False

42
Q

Which cells relseasse hydocloric acid into the stomach

A

parietal cells

42
Q

Gastric muscosa

A

parietal cells

43
Q

Voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter that triggers defectaion is controlled by the

A

Cerebral cortex

44
Q

Liver secretion is responsible for the emulsification of lipds in the duodenum

A

Bile

45
Q

Most digestive enxyme catalyze __ reactions

A

Hydrolysis

46
Q

What add. affects will a vagotomy have on a patient, besides lowering stomach acid secretion

A

Stomach acids are needed to activate pepsinogen so lower acid secretion will affect protiens digestion in the stomach

47
Q

Which following catalyzes carb. in the mouth

A

saliavry amylase

48
Q

Function of lysozyme in saliva is to

A

perforate bacterial plasma membrane

49
Q

Why would decreased saliva lead to tooth decay

A

Saliva helps to moisten and cleanse the oral cavoty and cntains lyzsizymes and IGA A to kill pathogenic bacteria preventing tooth decay

50
Q

Why do chemical warfare agents that block enzyme ACh cause drooling in indvuadaled affected by them

A

Salivation is stimulated by the release of ACh by the parasympatheic nervous sytem . If ach cannot be broken down by ach excess salivation oocurse

51
Q

norepinephrine is the nuerotrandsmitter relased by which fibers

A

sympatheic post ganglionic fibers

52
Q

Enteric interneruons that are inhibitory to smooth muscle use which of the follwoing neruotransmitters

A

VIP

53
Q

Which of the following intertinal hormones stimulate the relase of bile form the gallbladder

A

CCK

54
Q
A

BIO 224 Lecture (4 decks)

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