Blood

Question 1

What kind of tissue is blood

Answer 1

fluid connective tissue

Question 2

3 types of blood cells

Answer 2

Erythrocytes, Platelets, Leukocytes

Question 3

What disorder occurs when there is a low level of erythrocytes/low hematocrit

Answer 3

Anemia

Question 4

What occurs with excessively high hematocrits

Answer 4

Polycythemia, blood becomes too viscous

Question 5

What occurs with low platelet level

Answer 5

Dehydration

Question 6

3 main plasma proteins

Answer 6

Albumin, globulin, clotting factors

Question 7

Where is albumin produced

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

Function of albumin

Answer 8

Regulates osmotic pressure, controls blood pH, molecule carrier

Question 9

3 types of globulin

Answer 9

Alpha, beta, gamma

Question 10

What are gamma cells produced by + function

Answer 10

Plasma cells, immune protection

Question 11

What are alpha and beta globulins produced by + function

Answer 11

Liver, transport small or insoluble compounds

Question 12

What are clotting factors produced by + most abundant type

Answer 12

Liver, fibrinogen

Question 13

What is a thrombocyte

Answer 13

platelet

Question 14

Types of WBCs

Answer 14

Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

Question 15

What is blood cell production called

Answer 15

Hematopoeisis

Question 16

What does lymphoid progenitor line give rise to

Answer 16

NK, B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte

Question 17

What is the lineage of all RBCs and some WBCs

Answer 17

Myeloid progenitor

Question 18

Which WBCs are granulocytes

Answer 18

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil

Question 19

Which WBCs are agranulocytes

Answer 19

Monocyte, NK cell, and B and T lymphocytes

Question 20

Structure of erythrocyte

Answer 20

Lacks nucleus, mitochondria, and most organelles, contains hemoglobin, biconcave disk

Question 21

Why are RBCs biconcave

Answer 21

Increases surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to bind to

Question 22

Hemoglobin structure

Answer 22

2 alpha and 2 beta chains, each chain has heme group w center iron binding to molecule

Question 23

What is hemoglobin called when O2 is bound

Answer 23

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 24

What is hemoglobin called when CO2 is bound

Answer 24

Carb-amino-hemoglobin

Question 25

What is hemoglobin called when O2 is not bound

Answer 25

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 26

What color is blood taken from the veins more likely to be and why

Answer 26

Darker red bc the oxygen is being used up and is thus more likely to be deoxyhemoglobin

Question 27

Anemia

Answer 27

O2 starvation, low RBC, low Hb, low iron all cause low O2 carrying capacity

Question 28

Thalassemia

Answer 28

Can't produce alpha and beta chain, reduced RBC production

Question 29

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 29

Single amino acid mutation in beta chain

Question 30

What vitamin is necessary for erythropoiesis

Answer 30

B12

Question 31

Where are RBCs produced

Answer 31

Red bone marrow

Question 32

Life timeline of RBC

Answer 32

Pluripotent hematpoietic stem cell --> Proerythroblast --> erythroblast --> reticulocyte --> erythrocyte

Question 33

Which stages of RBC life are in bone marrow

Answer 33

Proerythroblast, erythroblast

Question 34

Which stages of RBC life are in bloodstream

Answer 34

Reticulocyte

Question 35

What marks the transition between bone marrow and blood stream

Answer 35

Loss of nucleus and organelles

Question 36

What hormone stimulates RBC production

Answer 36

Erythropoetin (EPO)

Question 37

When is EPO released and where from

Answer 37

Kidneys during hypoxia

Question 38

What is heme converted to when the iron is removed

Answer 38

Biliverdin

Question 39

What is the erythrocyte recycle

Answer 39

Heme --> biliverdin--> bilirubin --> urobilinogen --> stercobilin/biliverdin

Question 40

What are old/damaged erythrocytes removed by and where from

Answer 40

Phagocytes, spleen

Question 41

Jaundice

Answer 41

Bilirubin excess, can't be excreted in the bile

Question 42

Hemoglobinuria

Answer 42

Increased kidney permeability causing red/brown urine

Question 43

Leukopenia

Answer 43

Reduced WBCs

Question 44

Leukocytosis

Answer 44

Excess WBCs in normal blood volume