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anatomy and physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is blood

A

fluid connective tissue

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2
Q

3 types of blood cells

A

Erythrocytes, Platelets, Leukocytes

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3
Q

What disorder occurs when there is a low level of erythrocytes/low hematocrit

A

Anemia

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4
Q

What occurs with excessively high hematocrits

A

Polycythemia, blood becomes too viscous

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5
Q

What occurs with low platelet level

A

Dehydration

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6
Q

3 main plasma proteins

A

Albumin, globulin, clotting factors

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7
Q

Where is albumin produced

A

Liver

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8
Q

Function of albumin

A

Regulates osmotic pressure, controls blood pH, molecule carrier

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9
Q

3 types of globulin

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

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10
Q

What are gamma cells produced by + function

A

Plasma cells, immune protection

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11
Q

What are alpha and beta globulins produced by + function

A

Liver, transport small or insoluble compounds

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12
Q

What are clotting factors produced by + most abundant type

A

Liver, fibrinogen

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13
Q

What is a thrombocyte

A

platelet

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14
Q

Types of WBCs

A

Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

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15
Q

What is blood cell production called

A

Hematopoeisis

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16
Q

What does lymphoid progenitor line give rise to

A

NK, B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte

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17
Q

What is the lineage of all RBCs and some WBCs

A

Myeloid progenitor

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18
Q

Which WBCs are granulocytes

A

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil

19
Q

Which WBCs are agranulocytes

A

Monocyte, NK cell, and B and T lymphocytes

20
Q

Structure of erythrocyte

A

Lacks nucleus, mitochondria, and most organelles, contains hemoglobin, biconcave disk

21
Q

Why are RBCs biconcave

A

Increases surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to bind to

22
Q

Hemoglobin structure

A

2 alpha and 2 beta chains, each chain has heme group w center iron binding to molecule

23
Q

What is hemoglobin called when O2 is bound

A

Oxyhemoglobin

24
Q

What is hemoglobin called when CO2 is bound

A

Carb-amino-hemoglobin

25
Q

What is hemoglobin called when O2 is not bound

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

26
Q

What color is blood taken from the veins more likely to be and why

A

Darker red bc the oxygen is being used up and is thus more likely to be deoxyhemoglobin

27
Q

Anemia

A

O2 starvation, low RBC, low Hb, low iron all cause low O2 carrying capacity

28
Q

Thalassemia

A

Can’t produce alpha and beta chain, reduced RBC production

29
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Single amino acid mutation in beta chain

30
Q

What vitamin is necessary for erythropoiesis

A

B12

31
Q

Where are RBCs produced

A

Red bone marrow

32
Q

Life timeline of RBC

A

Pluripotent hematpoietic stem cell –> Proerythroblast –> erythroblast –> reticulocyte –> erythrocyte

33
Q

Which stages of RBC life are in bone marrow

A

Proerythroblast, erythroblast

34
Q

Which stages of RBC life are in bloodstream

A

Reticulocyte

35
Q

What marks the transition between bone marrow and blood stream

A

Loss of nucleus and organelles

36
Q

What hormone stimulates RBC production

A

Erythropoetin (EPO)

37
Q

When is EPO released and where from

A

Kidneys during hypoxia

38
Q

What is heme converted to when the iron is removed

A

Biliverdin

39
Q

What is the erythrocyte recycle

A

Heme –> biliverdin–> bilirubin –> urobilinogen –> stercobilin/biliverdin

40
Q

What are old/damaged erythrocytes removed by and where from

A

Phagocytes, spleen

41
Q

Jaundice

A

Bilirubin excess, can’t be excreted in the bile

42
Q

Hemoglobinuria

A

Increased kidney permeability causing red/brown urine

43
Q

Leukopenia

A

Reduced WBCs

44
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Excess WBCs in normal blood volume

anatomy and physiology (4 decks)

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