Blood

Question 1

Name the 4 components of the blood

Answer 1

Plasma (55%)
Red Blood Cells (45%)
White Blood Cells (<1%)
Platelets (<1%)

Question 2

What does blood plasma transport?

Answer 2

Dissolved substances (glucose, carbon dioxide, hormones and urea)

Question 3

What is the scientific name for Red Blood Cells?

Answer 3

Erythrocytes

Question 4

What is the function of RBC?

Answer 4

To transport oxygen around the body

Question 5

What is the function of Platelets?

Answer 5

To repair damaged blood vessels and make blood clots

Question 6

What are Platelets?

Answer 6

Small fragments of cells

Question 7

Name the 2 types of WBC

Answer 7

Lymphocytes
Phagocytes

Question 8

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 8

Produce anti-bodies

Question 9

What do Phagocytes do?

Answer 9

Engulf and digest Pathogens

Question 10

Name the special shape of a RBC

Answer 10

Bi-concave shape

Question 11

Why do RBC have a bi-concave shape?

Answer 11

To maximise surface area and yet have a small volume

Question 12

What is the function of valves?

Answer 12

To prevent backflow

Question 13

Describe the structure of a vein

Answer 13

Thin outer wall
Thin layer of muscle
Wide lumen

Question 14

Where is blood in veins going?

Answer 14

Back into heart

Question 15

Where is blood in arteries going?

Answer 15

Away from heart

Question 16

What do capillaries do?

Answer 16

Give blood to cells and tissues

Question 17

Describe the lumen of an artery

Answer 17

Narrow

Question 18

Why do arteries have thick outer walls?

Answer 18

So that they don’t burst

Question 19

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 19

A pigment that can bind reversibly with oxygen

Question 20

Where does Urea end up?

Answer 20

Urine

Question 21

Where in the blood is Urea dissolved?

Answer 21

Plasma

Question 22

What is Urea?

Answer 22

A waste product of the breakdown of proteins

Question 23

State the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 23

Oxygen + glucose ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ ENERGY)

Question 24

Where can haemoglobin be found?

Answer 24

RBCs

Question 25

How are RBCs adapted for their function?

Answer 25

Contain haemoglobin - for oxygen to bind to
No organelles - more room for oxygen
Bi-concave shape - more oxygen, little space (large SA, small volume)

Question 26

How are capillaries adapted to their function?

Answer 26

One cell thick
so substances can easily diffuse in and out