Blood Flashcards
properties of blood
viscosity, osmolarity
cells(formed elements)
Erythrocytes
− Leukocytes
− Platelets
plasma
liquid portion of bloodClotting Factors
− Nutrients
− Osmotic Regulation
3 major categories of plasma proteins
Albumins - most abundant
• contributes to viscosity and osmolarity, carry
hydrophobic chemicals like steroids and vitamins
− Fibrinogen
• precursor of fibrin threads that help form blood clots
− Antibodies (globulins)
• provide immune system functions
erythrocytes
Gas transport - major function33% of cytoplasm is hemoglobin (Hb)
• O2 delivery to tissue and CO2 transport to lungs
• 98% of O2 is transported by Hb
carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide binds
to hemoglobin much
more strongly than
oxygen
Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin
RBC count and hemoglobin concentration
indicate amount of O2 blood can carry
− Hematocrit (packed cell volume) - % of blood
composed of cells
• men 42- 52% cells; women 37- 48% cells
− RBC count
• men 4.6-6.2, women 4-2-5.4 million/L
anemia
Anemia is insufficient RBC’s or hemoglobin in
the blood
Polycythemia
too many red blood cells
May result from:
cancers of RBC production
dehydration (same # of RBC’s carried in a smaller volume of plasma)
emphysema, COPD
blood doping
training excessively at high altitude
Red bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells create all blood cells under
the stimulation of erythropoietin
Leukocytes
5,000 to 10,000 WBCs/LProtect against
pathogens
• Major players of the
immune system
Granulocyte Functions
Neutrophils in bacterial infections
Eosinophils ( in parasitic infections, other
infections)
Basophils (allergies, some infections, DM)
Agranulocyte Functions
Lymphocytes ( in diverse infections and
immune responses)
Monocytes ( in viral infections and inflammation)
Leukocyte Disorders
Leukopenia - low WBC count
Leukocytosis = high WBC count
Leukemia = cancer of hemopoietic tissue
platelets
Secrete clotting factors (intrinsic pathway) and
growth factors for vessel repair
Platelets live 7-10 day
