Blood

Question 1

What is the composition and function of plasma?

Answer 1

Mainly water and electrolytes, as well as substances being transported.
Have a role in homeostasis, distribution, and transport.

Question 2

What are the three blood cells?

Answer 2

Red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet.

Question 3

What are the different white blood cells?

Answer 3

Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, and the B-cells and T-cells.

Question 4

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 4

Formation of blood cells?

Question 5

Where does blood cell formation occur?

Answer 5

Bone marrow.

Question 6

How is blood cell formation regulated?

Answer 6

By cytokines.

Question 7

Where do T-cells mature?

Answer 7

Thymus.

Question 8

Where do B-cells mature?

Answer 8

Bone marrow.

Question 9

What happens as the monocyte travels into tissue?

Answer 9

It becomes a macrophage.

Question 10

What cells can move between tissue and blood?

Answer 10

Granulocytes and T/B-cells.

Question 11

What is hemoglobin composed of?

Answer 11

Heme and Globin protein.

Question 12

What is globin?

Answer 12

Long peptide chain X4

Question 13

What is Heme?

Answer 13

Structure with globin and oxygen-binding sites.

Question 14

Describe the circulation of iron:

Answer 14

Dietary iron enters blood, is brought to bone marrow to aid in RBC production. Iron from dead RBC is recycles from spleen.

Question 15

Where does RBC decomposition occur?

Answer 15

Spleen. Heme is exiled and iron is recycles.

Question 16

How is B12 absorbed?

Answer 16

Dietary B12 joins with intrinsic factor to form a complex. It is then absorbed into the blood.

Question 17

Where do platelets come from?

Answer 17

Megakaryocytes from stem cells in bone marrow.

Question 18

What two substances are present in platelets?

Answer 18

Alpha granules and dense granules.

Question 19

What do alpha granules do?

Answer 19

Clotting factors and growth factors, cytokines.

Question 20

What is primary hemostasis?

Answer 20

Platelet pug formation

Question 21

How does a platelet plug form?

Answer 21

Von Willebrand Factor is produced when exposed to collagen at site of damage. Causes aggulation.

Question 22

Effect of vasoconstriction of platelet aggregation

Answer 22

Increased

Question 23

What is the artificial, intrinsic clotting pathway?

Answer 23

Factor 12 is activated when exposed to foreign substance, activated factor ten which then activates thrombin. Thrombin activates fibrin.

Question 24

Describe the initiation of clotting

Answer 24

Tissue damage activates factor 10 and factor 9 (small amounts) which produce small amounts of thrombin and fibrin.

Question 25

Describe amplification of clotting

Answer 25

Thrombin activates factor 10, which generates large amounts of thrombin and fibrin.

Question 26

What is the role of thrombomodulin?

Answer 26

Activates protein C, which breaks down clotting factors and prevents clotting.

Question 27

What are good anticoagulants for in vitro?

Answer 27

Removal of calcium.

Question 28

What are good anticoagulants for in vivo?

Answer 28

Potassium antagonists, heparin.

Question 29

How do blood clots break down?

Answer 29

Plasminogen activators activate plasmin, which turns fibrin into its soluble form so that it is washed away by blood flow.