Blood Flashcards
What is the composition and function of plasma?
Mainly water and electrolytes, as well as substances being transported.
Have a role in homeostasis, distribution, and transport.
What are the three blood cells?
Red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet.
What are the different white blood cells?
Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, and the B-cells and T-cells.
What is hematopoiesis?
Formation of blood cells?
Where does blood cell formation occur?
Bone marrow.
How is blood cell formation regulated?
By cytokines.
Where do T-cells mature?
Thymus.
Where do B-cells mature?
Bone marrow.
What happens as the monocyte travels into tissue?
It becomes a macrophage.
What cells can move between tissue and blood?
Granulocytes and T/B-cells.
What is hemoglobin composed of?
Heme and Globin protein.
What is globin?
Long peptide chain X4
What is Heme?
Structure with globin and oxygen-binding sites.
Describe the circulation of iron:
Dietary iron enters blood, is brought to bone marrow to aid in RBC production. Iron from dead RBC is recycles from spleen.
Where does RBC decomposition occur?
Spleen. Heme is exiled and iron is recycles.
How is B12 absorbed?
Dietary B12 joins with intrinsic factor to form a complex. It is then absorbed into the blood.
Where do platelets come from?
Megakaryocytes from stem cells in bone marrow.
What two substances are present in platelets?
Alpha granules and dense granules.
What do alpha granules do?
Clotting factors and growth factors, cytokines.
What is primary hemostasis?
Platelet pug formation
How does a platelet plug form?
Von Willebrand Factor is produced when exposed to collagen at site of damage. Causes aggulation.
Effect of vasoconstriction of platelet aggregation
Increased
What is the artificial, intrinsic clotting pathway?
Factor 12 is activated when exposed to foreign substance, activated factor ten which then activates thrombin. Thrombin activates fibrin.
Describe the initiation of clotting
Tissue damage activates factor 10 and factor 9 (small amounts) which produce small amounts of thrombin and fibrin.
Describe amplification of clotting
Thrombin activates factor 10, which generates large amounts of thrombin and fibrin.
What is the role of thrombomodulin?
Activates protein C, which breaks down clotting factors and prevents clotting.
What are good anticoagulants for in vitro?
Removal of calcium.
What are good anticoagulants for in vivo?
Potassium antagonists, heparin.
How do blood clots break down?
Plasminogen activators activate plasmin, which turns fibrin into its soluble form so that it is washed away by blood flow.
