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PHYSL212 > ANS Physiology > Flashcards

ANS Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the efferent path of the ANS?

A

A two-neuron link

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2
Q

Which transmitters are present in the ANS?

A

ACh, adrenaline/nor

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3
Q

Can you control the ANS?

A

No, it is involuntary.

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4
Q

Where are the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division located?

A

Cranial and sacral segments.

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5
Q

Where are the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division located?

A

Thoracic and lumbar segments.

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6
Q

How do the ganglion locations differ between SNS and ANS?

A

Ganglion in the ANS are close to the target.

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7
Q

What is the lateral horn?

A

The origin of the pre-ganglionic fiber in the lateral ventral root.

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8
Q

Divergence

A

Fibers split to different locations.

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9
Q

Convergence

A

Fibers accumulate to one ganglion, one common destination.

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10
Q

White ramus communicans

A

Myelinated branch between sensory nerve and ganglion.

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11
Q

Gray ramus communicans

A

Non-myelinated branch between afferent nerve and target.

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12
Q

Sympathetoc chain

A

Consists of chains of ganglions that divide into either another series of ganglia or a pathway towards a target.

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13
Q

Collateral/Prevertebral ganglion

A

In front of vertebral column, does not terminate in chain-ganglion.

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14
Q

Varicosities

A

Storage site for vesicles containing NT in smooth muscle cells

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15
Q

Briefly describe the flow of transmission in the sympathy-adrenal system

A

Spinal cord, sympathetic ganglion, adrenal medulla.

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16
Q

Chromaffin cells

A

similar to Sympathetic post-ganglion, release NT that travel via blood.

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17
Q

What is release influenced by in the sympathy-adrenal system?

A

Pre-ganglionic fibers.

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18
Q

Which NT is released from the somatic nerve?

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

Which NT is released from the parasympathetic fiber?

A

Ganglion: Acetylcholine Target: Acetylcholine

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20
Q

Which NT is released from the sympathetic fiber?

A

Ganglion: Acetylcholine, Target: Noradrenaline

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21
Q

Specifically, which NT is released in the sympathoadrenal system?

A

Adrenal medulla: Acetylcholine, target: NA

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22
Q

Briefly describe the production of Ach

A

Acetyl CoA, choline carrier + Acetyl CoA = acetylcholine

23
Q

Briefly describe NA synthesis

A

Tyrosine, DOPA, Dopamine, NA

24
Q

What are the two cholinergic receptors? What is the category of their target cells?

A

Nicotinic (Skeletic muscle and nervous tissue)

Muscarinic (Smooth muscle)

25
Q

What are the two adrenergic receptors? What do these receptors target?

A

Alpha and Beta, target smooth muscle (IN ANS)

26
Q

What do alpha receptors specifically target?

A

Eye, blood vessels, GIT, presynaptic endings

27
Q

What do beta receptors specifically target?

A

Heart, kidney, blood vessels, GIT

28
Q

Muscanaric and adrenergic receptors are ______ receptors

A

Metabotropic

29
Q

The nicotinic receptor is a _______ receptor

A

Ionotropic

30
Q

What do ionotropic receptors look like?

A

Doughnuts

31
Q

What do metabotropic receptors look like?

A

Snake

32
Q

What is the product of activating a metabotropic receptor?

A

Secondary messenger phosphorylates a protein, causing a cellular response.

33
Q

What are non-adrenaline/choline messengers?

A

Peptides
Amines
Amino acids
Gases

34
Q

Most tissues have _______ innervation, what does this means? What usually occurs when these nerves are activated?

A

dual, this means that the two divisions of ANS typically produce opposite or similar/complimentary effects on the same tissue.

35
Q

What is the simplified function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Rest and Digest

36
Q

What is an oversimplified function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight.

37
Q

What happens in the eye (both SNS and PNS)

A

SNS: relaxes for far vision
PNS: constricts for near vision

38
Q

What happens in the heart (SNS and PNS)

A

PNS: descreases heart rate
SNS: increases heart rate

39
Q

What happens in the exocrine glands? (SNS and PNS)

A

PNS: lots of watery saliva
SNS: thick saliva, increases temperature regulation

40
Q

What happens in blood vessels (SNS only)

A

Constriction

41
Q

What happens in the gut? (SNS and PNS)

A

PNS: increased motility
SNS: Decreased motility

42
Q

What happens in the lungs? (SNS and PNS)

A

PNS: airway constriction
SNS: airway dilation

43
Q

What happens in the urinary bladder? (PNS only)

A

Contraction

44
Q

What happens in the genitalia? (SNS and PNS)

A

PNS: increased erection
SNS: Contracts smooth muscle (ejaculation)

45
Q

What are the major integrating centres for autonomic reflexes?

A

Hypothalamus, brainstem, spinal cord.

46
Q

Role of ANS in mictrurition reflex

A

Stretch receptors in bladder activate ANS and somatic nerve, relaxation of sphincter and contraction of bladder.

47
Q

Decreased resistance in blood vessels means:

A

dilated blood vessels

48
Q

What is BP equal to?

A

Resistance x heart rate x force

49
Q

Temperature regulation (Too cold)

A 
Increased metabolism (symp.adrenaline)
Inhibition of sweating (decreased symp to sweat glands)
Vasoconstriction (increased symp to vessels)
50
Q

Temperature regulation (Too hot)

A 
Decreased metabolism (decreased symp.adreno)
Increased sweating (increased symp ACH)
Vasodilation (decreased symp to blood vessels)
51
Q

Drugs that mimic the action of ACh

A

cholinomimetics

52
Q

Drugs that mimic NA

A

adrenomimetics

53
Q

Drugs that block action of ACh

A

anticholinergics

54
Q

Drugs that block action of NA

A

antiadrenergics

PHYSL212 (7 decks)

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